Growth Rates of Cladonia Alpestris, C. Mitis, and C. Rangiferina in the Taltson River Region, N.W.T.

Scotter, George W.

doi:10.1139/b63-100

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Overall, it can be reasonably expected that time since the last disturbance will have a positive effect on the probability of lichen establishment and growth in a site. The association between C. stellaris and late successional forests [51,52] has previously been explained by the low growth rate of this species compared with the other caribou lichen species studied [53]. However, as den Herder et al [54] found in Finland, higher growth rates for C stellaris compared with C. mitis and C. rangiferina were previously found in our study area, including in dense forest stands where the abundance of C. stellaris is naturally relatively low [55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Influence of Time since Fire and Micro-Habitat Availability on Terricolous Lichen Communities in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Boreal Forests

Zouaoui

Boudreault

Drapeau

et al. 2014

Forests

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Abstract:Terricolous lichens are an important component of boreal forest ecosystems, both in terms of function and diversity. In this study, we examined the relative contribution of microhabitat characteristics and time elapsed since the last fire in shaping terricolous lichen assemblages in boreal forests that are frequently affected by severe stand-replacing fires. We sampled 12 stands distributed across five age classes (from 43 to >200 years). In each stand, species cover (%) of all terricolous lichen species and species richness were evaluated within 30 microplots of 1 m 2 . Our results show that time elapsed since the last fire was the factor that contributed the most to explaining terricolous lichen abundance and species composition, and that lichen cover showed a quadratic relationship with stand age. Habitat variables such as soil characteristics were also important in explaining lichen richness. These results suggest that the presence of suitable substrates is not sufficient for the conservation of late-successional terricolous lichen communities in this ecosystem, and that they also need relatively long periods of times for species dispersal and establishment. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 2794

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Influence of Time since Fire and Micro-Habitat Availability on Terricolous Lichen Communities in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Boreal Forests

Zouaoui

Boudreault

Drapeau

et al. 2014

Forests

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“…One of the oldest ways is to measure the height increase of lichens by dividing the height of the podetium by the number of joints on the podetium (Igoshina, 1939;Andreyev, 1954;Scotter, 1963). Using this method, researchers have estimated the growth rate of individual lichens as 2.0 -4.0 mm/yr (Igoshina, 1939), 2.5 -6.0 mm/yr (Scotter, 1963), and 2.8 -5.1 mm/ yr (Skuncke, 1969). This method has been criticized (Kärenlampi, 1970) because it is not useful in an overgrazed area, and it does not allow separate measurements of growth rate for lichens of different ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition, Potential Recovery Rate, and Productivity of Lichen (<i>Cladonia</i> spp.) Ranges in the Finnish Reindeer Management Area

Kumpula¹,

Colpaert²,

Nieminen³

2000

ARCTIC

100

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ABSTRACT. The focus of the work was to investigate dependency between reindeer density and lichen (Cladonia spp.) ranges in the Finnish semidomesticated reindeer management area. Secondly, we formed a model on the recovery rate of ungrazed woodland lichen ranges (29 sites) after forest fires to evaluate the potential productivity and time needed for Finnish lichen ranges to recover at optimal production. During 1974 -95, 59% of the variation in mean semidomesticated reindeer density (range: 0.7-3.0 reindeer/km 2 of the total land area) among the reindeer herding districts in Finland was explained by the proportion of land area covered by lichen ranges in these districts. Reindeer densities were highest in the districts where lichen ranges covered 20% to 30% of the area. Reindeer density on the total land area did not explain the condition of lichen ranges, but 58% of the condition was explained by the reindeer density on the lichen ranges. A condition level for lichen ranges of 1000 kg dry matter per hectare (d.m./ha) of lichen biomass can be considered adequate to ensure survival of reindeer and continued production of lichen. To maintain this level within the sedentary Finnish grazing system, winter reindeer densities on lichen ranges must remain below 5-7 reindeer/km 2 . According to our model, the maximum amount of living lichen in the woodland lichen stand at the climax stage is on average about 7000 kg d.m./ha. The maximum annual yield of lichen (175 kg d.m./ha) is produced by lichen stands that contain 2600-2800 kg d.m./ha of living lichen. Using our model and our 1995 -96 data, we calculated that the average lichen biomass on lichen ranges in the Finnish reindeer management districts was 13.0% of this optimum, and the average lichen production was 36% of the possible maximum annual yield. Our model indicates that the Finnish lichen ranges would have to remain ungrazed for an average of 18 years to recover to maximum production levels. However, the average time needed for the lichen ranges to recover to the level of 1000 kg lichen d.m./ha, would be only about 7 years.Key words: Rangifer, reindeer, Cladonia, lichen, pastures, condition, recovery, productivity RÉSUMÉ. Ces travaux portent tout d'abord sur l'étude de la dépendance existant entre la densité du renne et les grands pâturages de lichen (Cladonia spp.) dans le secteur finlandais de gestion du renne semi-domestique. Ensuite, on a conçu un modèle en se fondant sur le taux de récupération, après des incendies de forêt, d'étendues naturelles (29 emplacements) de lichen forestier non pâturées, en vue d'évaluer la productivité potentielle et le temps nécessaire aux grands pâturages de lichen finlandais pour récupérer à une production optimale. De 1974 à 1995, 59 p. cent de la variation dans la densité moyenne du renne semi-domestique (fourchette de 0,7 à 3,0 renne/km 2 de superficie totale des terres), parmi les districts où se trouvent les troupeaux de rennes en Finlande, s'expliquaient par la proportion du territoire qui était couvert par des pâturage...

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“…However, the increments between 2003 and 2005 provide indications that lichen fragments did establish, although it was not possible to confirm this with any certainty. Possible shrinkage of the thalli caused by drying (Scotter 1963) on some measurement occasions was not taken into account, and this could have influenced the cover estimates, but only weakly since the inventories were carried out at the same period of the year, and under similar climatic conditions, i.e. on overcast days, on every occasion.…”

Section: Lichen Establishment After Artificial Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth rate of reindeer lichens is generally low (Kärenlampi 1971, Helle et al 1983, den Herder et al 2003, as is their branching, which is assumed to be an annual event (Scotter 1963). The first natural colonizers of bare soil in boreal regions are crustose lichens and bryophyte species, followed by cup lichens (Cladonia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ground substrate on establishment of reindeer lichen after artificial dispersal

Roturier¹,

Bäcklund²,

Sundén³

et al. 2007

Silva Fenn.

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Methods to improve the recovery of reindeer lichen after soil disturbance or overgrazing are being sought for areas where reindeer are herded. The effects of four substrates -mineral soil, moss, twigs and pine bark -on the establishment of lichen fragments after total removal of the vegetation were thus studied in a middle-aged pine stand and a clear-cut, both located in a lichen-rich pine-heath. Cladina mitis fragments of two sizes were manually dispersed in 1 m 2 quadrats and their movements from their respective dispersal points were registered after one year. The natural re-establishment of lichens in the quadrats was monitored over three years by using digital pictures. In the forest stand, no significant differences were detected in either the fragment movement or the lichen establishment between the different substrates, but the fragment size had positive effects on both parameters. In the clear-cut, the moss substrate was the most suitable not only for the artificially dispersed lichens to fasten to, but also for the natural settlement of lichens from the surrounding lichen mat. More lichen thalli fastened to the bark and twigs substrates than to the mineral soil, but the settlement of lichens from the surrounding was greater on bare mineral soil substrate. The results indicate that artificial dispersal of lichen thalli on an appropriate substrate could be a successful strategy for promoting lichen recovery.

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Growth Rates of Cladonia Alpestris, C. Mitis, and C. Rangiferina in the Taltson River Region, N.W.T.

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Time since Fire and Micro-Habitat Availability on Terricolous Lichen Communities in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Boreal Forests

Influence of Time since Fire and Micro-Habitat Availability on Terricolous Lichen Communities in Black Spruce (Picea mariana) Boreal Forests

Condition, Potential Recovery Rate, and Productivity of Lichen (<i>Cladonia</i> spp.) Ranges in the Finnish Reindeer Management Area

Influence of ground substrate on establishment of reindeer lichen after artificial dispersal

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