Growth rates and interface shapes in germanium and lead tin telluride observed in-situ, real-time in vertical Bridgman furnaces

Comparison of space- and ground-grown Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 thermoelectric crystals

“…For the second part and the third part of the space sample, real growth velocity may exceed the translation velocity, the result has been confirmed in Ref. [23]. Moving velocity for part two of the space sample more than 10 mm/h is so fast that the bubbles of melting in melting zone cannot be removed completely.…”

<title>Advancement of x-ray microscopy technology and its application to metal solidification studies</title>

“…CCD technologies that maintain a high MTF performance and offers sensitivity will permit the observation of smaller, lower contrast specimens and do so with a shorter exposure to reduce motion induced blur. 4. Two sensor designs were found that best offer the advantages from 3 above.…”

In situ studies of precipitate formationin Al-Pb monotectic solidification by X-ray transmission microscopy

“…Traditional X-ray sources have been used to examine the homogeneity of thick specimens (of the order of millimeters), [21] to image shrinkage porosity during aluminum solidification, [22] melt-solid interface shape during Bridgman growth of germanium, [23] and convection caused by dissolving gold and silver wires in liquid sodium [24] with a resolution of 3 to 5 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 m. However, the imaging of microstructural features requires resolutions of 1 to 100 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 m.…”