Growth rate of captive Gharials Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Gavialidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Khadka, Bed Bahadur; Bashyal, Ashish

doi:10.11609/jott.5491.11.15.14998-15003

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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mass ((), g) goodbreak= goodbreak- 3115.59 goodbreak+ 573 ((), TL),

mass ((), kg) goodbreak= 0.2719 ((), TL) goodbreak- 33.544,

where TL is the total length in centimeters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both equations were empirically derived from multiple measurements of hatchling (Maskey, 1989) and juvenile gharials between 4 and 6 years of age (Khadka & Bashyal, 2019). To estimate tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory drives, we used the empirically derived equations for mass‐dependent resting respiration in alligators (Farmer, 2006; Farmer & Carrier, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine tidal volume and respiratory drives, we needed to know the masses of our gharial specimens. To determine the approximate mass values for our specimens (Table 1), we used two different mass estimate equations (Khadka & Bashyal, 2019;Maskey, 1989): where TL is the total length in centimeters. Both equations were empirically derived from multiple measurements of hatchling (Maskey, 1989) and juvenile gharials between 4 and 6 years of age (Khadka & Bashyal, 2019).…”

Section: Respiratory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the approximate mass values for our specimens (Table 1), we used two different mass estimate equations (Khadka & Bashyal, 2019;Maskey, 1989): where TL is the total length in centimeters. Both equations were empirically derived from multiple measurements of hatchling (Maskey, 1989) and juvenile gharials between 4 and 6 years of age (Khadka & Bashyal, 2019). To estimate tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory drives, we used the empirically derived equations for mass-dependent resting respiration in alligators (Farmer, 2006;Farmer & Carrier, 2000).…”

Section: Respiratory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Septal deviation in the nose of the longest faced crocodylian: A description of nasal anatomy and airflow in the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) with comments on acoustics

Bourke

Fontenot

Holliday

2021

The Anatomical Record

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The remarkably thin rostrum in the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) imparts challenges to nasal physiology. Competition for space in the slim jaws necessitates a thin nasal septum, leaving this taxon susceptible to nasal passage abnormalities such as septal deviation. Here we describe the nasal anatomy of gharials based on multiple individuals including one that showcases an extreme instance of nasal septum deviation. We found that gharials have both confluent nostrils and choanae, which may be important for their unique nasal acoustics. The deviated nasal septum in the female showed distinct waviness that affected the nasal passages by alternately compressing them. We performed a computational fluid dynamic analysis on the nasal passages to visualize the effects of septal deviation on airflow. Our analysis found the deviated septum increased nasal resistance and wall shear stress during respiration, resulting in unequal distribution of the air field between both sides of the nasal passage. Our findings indicate that gharials-and potentially other longirostrine crocodylians-may be particularly susceptible to septal deviations. Lastly, we observed pterygoid bullae to be present in both sexes, though their morphology differed. Airflow in the male pterygoid bullae produced a Bernoulli effect which may be responsible for the unique "pop" sounds recorded in this species.

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mass ((), g) goodbreak= goodbreak- 3115.59 goodbreak+ 573 ((), TL),

mass ((), kg) goodbreak= 0.2719 ((), TL) goodbreak- 33.544,

where TL is the total length in centimeters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respiratory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respiratory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Septal deviation in the nose of the longest faced crocodylian: A description of nasal anatomy and airflow in the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) with comments on acoustics

Bourke

Fontenot

Holliday

2021

The Anatomical Record

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“…Gharials have been relatively well studied in CNP (Maskey, 1989; Maskey, Percival & Abercrombie, 1995; Maskey et al, 2006; Ballouard et al, 2010; Khadka, 2011; Khadka, 2013; Rajbhandari & Acharya, 2013; Rajbhandari & Acharya, 2015; Khadka & Bashyal, 2019; Khadka et al, 2020), but have received little attention in BNP (Stevenson & Whitaker, 2010; Lang, Chowfin & Ross, 2019). In 2015, the Biodiversity Conservancy Nepal initiated the ‘Nepal Gharial Conservation Initiative’ – a long‐term project to safeguard gharials in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bardiya National Park, Nepal: Population, habitat and threats

Bashyal

Shrestha

Luitel

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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The Critically Endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) residing within Bardiya National Park (BNP) in Nepal constitutes the sixth major sub‐population of this unique lineage; however, this population is not well studied. A 46 km protected stretch of the Babai River and a 60 km stretch of the Karnali River in and around BNP were surveyed for gharials in early 2017 and in 2019. Gharial counts in 2017 – 17 from the Babai and one from the Karnali rivers – consisted of 10 adults, five sub‐adults and three juveniles. In 2019, 19 gharials were counted – 18 for the Babai and one for the Karnali – comprising 11 adults, six sub‐adults and two juveniles. In the Babai River within BNP, four breeding groups were identified. Gharials in BNP prefer sandy vs. rocky banks for basking and completely avoid sand‐grass and clay banks. Habitat preference did not vary with size class. Protected stretches of both rivers inside BNP (76 km) have resident gharial, intact habitats and few human threats. In contrast, the unprotected stretch of the Karnali (30 km) is threatened by boulder quarrying, sand mining and unlicensed fishing, and is avoided by gharials despite the availability of habitat. This study established baseline data, including indices of population size, distribution and habitat preferences, and documented resident gharials that are breeding in the Babai River in BNP. The conservation of this Babai population is crucial for the species’ survival in BNP. Based on this study, we recommend the following conservation actions on the Babai stretch: (a) determine hatching success; (b) assess juvenile recruitment; (c) consider supplementation by releasing captives; (d) study riverine features important as baselines; (e) accommodate upstream movements on the protected Babai stretch; and (f) protect the downstream Babai outside the boundary of the BNP.

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Understanding the perception of buffer zone communities to gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Pathak,

Bashyal,

Oli

et al. 2023

Global Ecology and Conservation

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Growth rate of captive Gharials Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Gavialidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Septal deviation in the nose of the longest faced crocodylian: A description of nasal anatomy and airflow in the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) with comments on acoustics

Septal deviation in the nose of the longest faced crocodylian: A description of nasal anatomy and airflow in the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) with comments on acoustics

Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bardiya National Park, Nepal: Population, habitat and threats

Understanding the perception of buffer zone communities to gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

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