Growth rate and cell size: a re-examination of the growth law

Vadia, Stephen; Levin, Petra Anne

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.01.011

Cited by 95 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In support of this, some previous data acknowledge growth-dependent changes in cell size of phytoplankton (Cook, 1963). The positive relationship between cell size and growth rate is a common observation within specific isolates of microbes and has been termed the growth rate law (Schaechter et al, 1958;Vadia and Levin, 2015). However, Q C or cell size has typically been held constant under variable growth rates in previous theoretical models (for example,, Shuter, 1979;Klausmeier et al, 2008;Bonachela et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interactions between growth-dependent changes in cell size, nutrient supply and cellular elemental stoichiometry of marine Synechococcus

2016

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The factors that control elemental ratios within phytoplankton, like carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P), are key to biogeochemical cycles. Previous studies have identified relationships between nutrientlimited growth and elemental ratios in large eukaryotes, but little is known about these interactions in small marine phytoplankton like the globally important Cyanobacteria. To improve our understanding of these interactions in picophytoplankton, we asked how cellular elemental stoichiometry varies as a function of steady-state, N-and P-limited growth in laboratory chemostat cultures of Synechococcus WH8102. By combining empirical data and theoretical modeling, we identified a previously unrecognized factor (growth-dependent variability in cell size) that controls the relationship between nutrient-limited growth and cellular elemental stoichiometry. To predict the cellular elemental stoichiometry of phytoplankton, previous theoretical models rely on the traditional Droop model, which purports that the acquisition of a single limiting nutrient suffices to explain the relationship between a cellular nutrient quota and growth rate. Our study, however, indicates that growth-dependent changes in cell size have an important role in regulating cell nutrient quotas. This key ingredient, along with nutrient-uptake protein regulation, enables our model to predict the cellular elemental stoichiometry of Synechococcus across a range of nutrient-limited conditions. Our analysis also adds to the growth rate hypothesis, suggesting that P-rich biomolecules other than nucleic acids are important drivers of stoichiometric variability in Synechococcus. Lastly, by comparing our data with field observations, our study has important ecological relevance as it provides a framework for understanding and predicting elemental ratios in ocean regions where small phytoplankton like Synechococcus dominates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interactions between growth-dependent changes in cell size, nutrient supply and cellular elemental stoichiometry of marine Synechococcus

2016

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“…In addition, Vadia & Levin (2015) verified that cell size is a linear function of growth rate. Taheri-Araghi et al (2014) demonstrated that cells add a constant volume each generation based on the combination of experimental results and quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of sound exposure on the growth and intracellular macromolecular synthesis ofE. colik-12

Zhang

2016

PeerJ

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Microbes, as one of the primary producers of the biosphere, play an important role in ecosystems. Exploring the mechanism of adaptation and resistance of microbial population to various environmental factors has come into focus in the fields of modern microbial ecology and molecular ecology. However, facing the increasingly serious problem of acoustic pollution, very few efforts have been put forth into studying the relation of single cell organisms and sound field exposure. Herein, we studied the biological effects of sound exposure on the growth of E. coli K-12 with different acoustic parameters. The effects of sound exposure on the intracellular macromolecular synthesis and cellular morphology of E. coli K-12 were also analyzed and discussed. Experimental results indicated that E. coli K-12 exposed to sound waves owned a higher biomass and a faster specific growth rate compared to the control group. Also, the average length of E. coli K-12 cells increased more than 27.26%. The maximum biomass and maximum specific growth rate of the stimulation group by 8000 Hz, 80dB sound wave was about 1.7 times and 2.5 times that of the control group, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that E. coli K-12 can respond rapidly to sound stress at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by promoting the synthesis of intracellular RNA and total protein. Some potential mechanisms may be involved in the responses of bacterial cells to sound stress.

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“…This holistic nature of cell size control is the source of both fascination and frustration in studying its underlying mechanism [52–55]. The adder principle of size homeostasis in bacteria is a telling example of how we can find new ways to think about this long-standing problem with the help of quantitative and phenomenological approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adder and a coarse-grained approach to cell size homeostasis in bacteria

Sauls

Jun

2016

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

127

161

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Cell size control and homeostasis is a long-standing subject in biology. Recent experimental work provides extensive evidence for a simple, quantitative size homeostasis principle coined adder (as opposed to sizer or timer). The adder principle provides unexpected insights into how bacteria maintain their size without employing a feedback mechanism. We review the genesis of adder and recent cell size homeostasis study on evolutionarily divergent bacterial organisms and beyond. We propose new coarse-grained approaches to understand the underlying mechanisms of cell size control at the whole cell level.

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Growth rate and cell size: a re-examination of the growth law

Cited by 95 publications

References 60 publications

Interactions between growth-dependent changes in cell size, nutrient supply and cellular elemental stoichiometry of marine Synechococcus

Interactions between growth-dependent changes in cell size, nutrient supply and cellular elemental stoichiometry of marine Synechococcus

Effects of sound exposure on the growth and intracellular macromolecular synthesis ofE. colik-12

Adder and a coarse-grained approach to cell size homeostasis in bacteria

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