Growth properties of larval and adult locust neurons in primary cell culture

Kirchhof, B.S.; Bicker, Gerd

doi:10.1002/cne.903230308

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interneurons were smaller than motorneurons, which is in agreement with the in situ situation. Altogether, the diameters were similar to those measured by Kirchhof and Bicker [7] for thoracic neurons of Locusta migratoria. The peripheral sensory cells of the auditory organ were much smaller than the central neurons.…”

Section: Growth and Morphologysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In both cases they reached a mean of 40 μm measured as distance from the cell soma, which is much less than in situ. The processes might extend further in a haemolymph conditoned medium [7].…”

Section: Growth and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The chosen parameters proofed to be the best in a test series using other coating (poly-lysine), other media (Grace medium, Schneiders medium, TC-100) or other fetal calf serum concentrations (data not shown). Comparable parameters have also been used for antennal sensory neurons of Manduca [21] or of the central nervous system of locusts [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since many years also insect neurons have been used in cell culture [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The cells in those cultures are often unidentified, thereby loosing the advantages of the identified neuron concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In locusts, one of the insects in which neuronal networks are intensively analysed, such a specific cell culture for different classes of neurons is not established. Most studies involved a mixture of different unidentified neurons of the central nervous system [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic Interneurons, Motorneurons and Sensory Neurons of Locusta Migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera) in Primary Cell Culture

Pfahlert¹,

Lakes‐Harlan²

2008

TOENTOJ

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to establish a cell culture system with identified classes of locust neurons (interneurons, motorneurons and sensory neurons). The cells belonging to the different classes were distinguished in cell culture by vital dyes, which had been applied to the neurons in situ. From the various dyes tested fluorescent marked dextrans (10.000MW) gave the best results. The cells survived for up to 28 days in culture and approx. half of the cells grew processes, except of the sensory neurons, which never formed any processes. The different neurons were comparatively investigated, e.g. with immunhistochemistry: 86% of motorneuron were glutamate immunoreactive and 50% of the interneurons exhibited GABA-like immunoreactivity. The cells had resting potentials between -20 and -60mV and did not show spontanous action potentials. Action potentials could be elicited by current injection in 8% of interneurons and 26% of motorneurons, but not in sensory neurons. The vital marking of cells allowed to study distinct neurons in cell culture and to compare their morphology and physiology.

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Section: Growth and Morphologysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Growth and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic Interneurons, Motorneurons and Sensory Neurons of Locusta Migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera) in Primary Cell Culture

Pfahlert¹,

Lakes‐Harlan²

2008

TOENTOJ

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Nitric oxide: An unconventional messenger in the nervous system of an orthopteroid insect

Bicker¹

2001

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a membrane-permeant messenger molecule generated from the amino acid L-arginine. NO can activate soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in target cells. In the nervous system, NO/cGMP signalling is thought to play essential roles in synaptic plasticity during development and also in the mature animal. This paper examines biochemical, cell biological, and physiological investigations of NO/cGMP signalling in the nervous system of the locust, a commonly used neurobiological preparation. Biochemical investigations suggest that an identical enzyme is responsible for both NO synthase (NOS) and NADPH-diaphorase activity after tissue fixation. Immunocytochemical staining of an olfactory center in the locust brain shows that NOS-immunoreactivity colocalizes with NADPH-diaphorase at the cellular level. The cytochemical staining of NO donor and target cells in adult animals suggests functions in olfaction, vision, and sensorimotor integration. During development, NO is implicated in axonal outgrowth and synaptogenesis. The cellular distribution of NO-responsive cells in neural circuits reflects potential functions of NO as a retrograde synaptic messenger, as an intracellular messenger, and as a lateral diffusible messenger independent of conventional synaptic connectivity.

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Use of Primary Cultures of Kenyon Cells From Bumblebee Brains to Assess Pesticide Side Effects

Wilson

Velarde

Fahrbach

et al. 2013

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Bumblebees are important pollinators in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The latter results in the frequent exposure of bumblebees to pesticides. We report here on a new bioassay that uses primary cultures of neurons derived from adult bumblebee workers to evaluate possible side-effects of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid. Mushroom bodies (MBs) from the brains of bumblebee workers were dissected and dissociated to produce cultures of Kenyon cells (KCs). Cultured KCs typically extend branched, dendrite-like processes called neurites, with substantial growth evident 24-48 h after culture initiation. Exposure of cultured KCs obtained from newly eclosed adult workers to 2.5 parts per billion (ppb) imidacloprid, an environmentally relevant concentration of pesticide, did not have a detectable effect on neurite outgrowth. By contrast, in cultures prepared from newly eclosed adult bumblebees, inhibitory effects of imidacloprid were evident when the medium contained 25 ppb imidacloprid, and no growth was observed at 2,500 ppb. The KCs of older workers (13-day-old nurses and foragers) appeared to be more sensitive to imidacloprid than newly eclosed adults, as strong effects on KCs obtained from older nurses and foragers were also evident at 2.5 ppb imidacloprid. In conclusion, primary cultures using KCs of bumblebee worker brains offer a tool to assess sublethal effects of neurotoxic pesticides in vitro. Such studies also have the potential to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of plasticity in the adult bumblebee brain.

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Growth properties of larval and adult locust neurons in primary cell culture

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Thoracic Interneurons, Motorneurons and Sensory Neurons of Locusta Migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera) in Primary Cell Culture

Thoracic Interneurons, Motorneurons and Sensory Neurons of Locusta Migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera) in Primary Cell Culture

Nitric oxide: An unconventional messenger in the nervous system of an orthopteroid insect

Use of Primary Cultures of Kenyon Cells From Bumblebee Brains to Assess Pesticide Side Effects

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