1 From now on, we use the term 'degree of overall specialisation' as an opposite of 'diversification' so that low export specialisation means high export diversification and vice versa. 2 Similar results can be found in Minondo's (2011) non-parametric and parametric results. 5 For the sake of brevity, we have not cited many other aspects of structural change, for example, we have not considered the ideological aspect. 6 Qualitative aspects of economic structure are also underlined in other supply side contribution (Lucas, 1988) and in the Keynesian demand-side literature (see Thirlwall, 1979;McCombie and Thirlwall, 2004).