Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review

Sarthou, Géraldine; Timmermans, Klaas R.; Blain, Stéphane; Tréguer, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.007

Cited by 638 publications

(536 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Diatoms exhibit the highest sensitivity to Fe limitation (Miller et al, 1991;Morel et al, 1991) with shifts to larger sizes (>10 m) in response to Fe fertilisation (De Baar et al, 2005). Experiments carried out with cultured diatoms in the laboratory showed a relationship between Fe, the surface/volume ratio (S/V) and the iron biological requirement for growth (De Baar et al, 2005;Timmermans et al, 2004;Sarthou et al, 2005), with larger diatoms being associated with greater iron requirement. Therefore, Fe bioavailability is not only influenced by its chemical forms, but also by the different uptake strategies, biological requirements and interactions of the phyto-and bacterio-plankton communities (e.g., Barbeau et al, 1996;Hutchins et al, 1999).…”

Section: Iron (Fe) Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the remote SO where external sources of Fe are limited, Fe recycling is efficient, providing 20-100% of the Fe required to sustain phytoplankton growth (Hutchins et al, 1993;Poorvin et al, 2004;Strzepek et al, 2005;Sarthou et al, 2005). Remineralisation of particulate Fe at depth mediated by heterotrophic bacteria can also release Fe and ligands , thus potentially affecting Fe bioavailability to primary producers.…”

Section: Iron (Fe) Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

104

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Section: Iron (Fe) Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iron (Fe) Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Diatoms, commonly found throughout the ocean, produce rigid external cell walls (or exoskeletons) formed from hydrated amorphous silica and range in diameters from 10-150 μm [117,118]. Despite their often microscopic size, the sheer biomass of diatoms causes them to account for 40% of the primary production of carbon [119] and the majority of biogenic silica (silica transformed from dissolved silicate into skeletal material) [120] in the oceans. While diatoms often exhibit simple geometric profiles (Fig.…”

Section: Diatom and Coccolithophore Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…This ratio is significantly higher than the average Si:N ratio of diatoms, which is closer to 1 (Brzezinski, 1985), and supports the observation of heavily silicified diatoms. This ratio can also increase due to stresses on diatom growth, such as light, macro-, or micronutrient limitation (Hutchins and Bruland, 1998;Saito et al, 2002;Sarthou et al, 2005). Since the concentration of macronutrients remains well above the half saturation constants of ~1 μM for DIN and ~3 μM for dSi, we consider light or iron limitation as more likely causes for enhanced silicification (Boyd et al, this volume).…”

Section: K2 Nutrient Drawdown and Export Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

Buesseler

Trull

Steinberg

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

119

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The VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) study examined particle sources and fluxes through the ocean's "twilight zone" (defined here as depths below the euphotic zone to 1000 m). Interdisciplinary process studies were conducted at contrasting sites off Hawaii (ALOHA) and in the NW Pacific (K2) during 3 week occupations in 2004 and 2005, respectively. We examine in this overview paper the contrasting physical, chemical and biological settings and how these conditions impact the source characteristics of the sinking material and the transport efficiency through the twilight zone. A major finding in VERTIGO is the considerably lower transfer efficiency (T eff ) of particulate organic carbon (POC), POC flux 500 / 150 m, at ALOHA (20%) vs. K2 (50%). This efficiency is higher in the diatom-dominated setting at K2 where silica-rich particles dominate the flux at the end of a diatom bloom, and where zooplankton and their pellets are larger. At K2, the drawdown of macronutrients is used to assess export and suggests that shallow remineralization above our 150 m trap is significant, especially for N relative to Si. We explore here also surface export ratios (POC flux/primary production) and possible reasons why this ratio is higher at K2, especially during the first trap deployment. When we compare the 500 m fluxes to deep moored traps, both sites lose about half of the sinking POC by >4000 m, but this comparison is limited in that fluxes at depth may have both a local and distant component.Certainly, the greatest difference in particle flux attenuation is in the mesopelagic, and we highlight other VERTIGO papers that provide a more detailed examination of the particle sources, flux and processes that attenuate the flux of sinking particles. Ultimately, we contend that at least three types of processes need to be considered: heterotrophic degradation of sinking particles, zooplankton migration and surface feeding, and lateral sources of suspended and sinking materials. We have evidence that all of these processes impacted the net attenuation of particle flux vs. depth measured in VERTIGO and would therefore need to be considered and quantified in order to understand the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean's biological pump.

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Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review

Cited by 638 publications

References 190 publications

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

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