Growth, Phosphate Absorption, and Phosphorus Chemical Fractions in Two Chionochloa Species

Chapin, F. Stuart; FOLLETTt, John M.; O'CONNORt, Kevin F.

doi:10.2307/2259881

Cited by 95 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These studies showed that although species from fertile babitats display greater reductions in growth than species from infertile babitats in response to reduction of the nutrient supply, the latter are generally no better able to grow and extract nutrients at \'er\-low concentrations. Sucb findings ha\ e been taken as ev idence that high nutrient absorption capacity is not an important adaptation to infertile soils (Cirime, 1979;Chapin, 1980;Chapin et al, 1982;Crick & Grime, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment

1989

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SL'M M AR^•Growth, dry matter p;irtitit>ninK anci nitrogen capture were compared in two grasses of contrasted ecology, subjected to treatments in\olving pulses of nutrient enrichment of various durations supplied every 6 d o\ er a period of 6 weeks. The potentially fast-growing Arrhenatheriiin elatius ssp. bulhosuiii (Willd.) Sclnihler and Martens was superior in rates of nitrogen capture and dry matter production when exposed to long (> 10 h) nutrient pulses whereas the slow-growing species Festuca of ma L. enjoyed an advantage in treatments providing nutrient pulses of between 0-1 and 10 h duration. 'These results are consistent with differences in mechanisms of resource foraging predicted by the C-S-R model of plant strategies and related models. It is concluded that the lower rates of turnover of tissues and the capacity of roots to remain viable under chronic nutrient stress are important components of the ability of Festuca oriita to exploit brief pulses of mineral nutrient enrichment. The range in duration ofthe pulses advantageous to F. r«7«fl corresponds to that which might be expected to arise from the death and recovery of microbial populations in infertile soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment

1989

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“…For longlived perennials, selection under environmental stress may lead to a metabolically more conservative phenotype characterized by reduced maximal growth rate, increased allo-cation to storage, and delayed reproduction, as envisioned by the triangle model (Grime 1977). Many perennial plant species or ecotypes characteristic of stressful environments have slower maximal growth rates than related taxa adapted to fertile environments (Clarkson 1967;Grime and Hunt 1975;Davies and Snaydon 1976;Veerkamp et al 1980;Chapin et al 1982;but see Shaw 1988;Wilson 1988;McGraw and Chapin 1989;Rice and Bazzaz 1989;Poorter and Remkes 1990;Chapin and Shaver 1996;Walters and Reich 1996). In contrast, when stress imposes selection on shorter-lived pioneer species, a stress avoidance strategy may evolve.…”

Section: Alternative Effects Of Stress On Life-history Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution in Stressful Environments. I. Phenotypic Variability, Phenotypic Selection, and Response to Selection in Five Distinct Environmental Stresses

Roy²,

2000

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Abstract. Considerable debate has accompanied efforts to integrate the selective impacts of environmental stresses into models of life-history evolution. This study was designed to determine if different environmental stresses have consistent phenotypic effects on life-history characters and whether selection under different stresses leads to consistent evolutionary responses. We created lineages of a wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) that were selected for three generations under five stress regimes (high boron, high salt, low light, low water, or low nutrients) or under near-optimal conditions (control). Full-sibling families from the six selection histories were divided among the same six experimental treatments. In that test generation, lifetime plant fecundity and six phenotypic traits were measured for each plant. Throughout this greenhouse study, plants were grown individually and stresses were applied from the early seedling stage through senescence. Although all stresses consistently reduced lifetime fecundity and most size-and growth-related traits, different stresses had contrasting effects on flowering time. On average, stress delayed flowering compared to favorable conditions, although plants experiencing low nutrient stress flowered earliest and those experiencing low light flowered latest. Contrary to expectations of Grime's triangle model of life-history evolution, this ruderal species does not respond phenotypically to poor environments by flowering earlier. Most stresses enhanced the evolutionary potential of the study population. Compared with near-optimal conditions, stresses tended to increase the opportunity for selection as well as phenotypic variance, although both of these quantities were reduced in some stresses. Rather than favoring traits characteristic of stress tolerance, such as slow growth and delayed reproduction, phenotypic selection favored stress-avoidance traits: earlier flowering in all five stress regimes and faster seedling height growth in three stresses. Phenotypic correlations reinforced direct selection on these traits under stress, leading to predicted phenotypic change under stress, but no significant selection in the control environment. As a result of these factors, selection under stress resulted in an evolutionary shift toward earlier flowering. Environmental stresses may drive populations of ruderal plant species like S. arvensis toward a stress-avoidance strategy, rather than toward stress tolerance. Further studies will be needed to determine when selection in stressful environments leads to these alternative life-history strategies.

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“…Studies demonstrated that in general P uptake rate is very similar among rapidly growing species and even when compared to slowly growing species (Chapin et al 1982, Chapin et al 1989). This is not an important adaptive mechanism because in low P availability absorption is limited by P diffusion to the root surface therefore, so even a low nutrient absorption capacity is adequate to absorb those nutrients that reaches the root (Aerts and Chapin 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphorus on arsenic uptake and metabolism in rice cultivars differing in phosphorus use efficiency and response

Farias

Bernardy

Schwalbert

et al. 2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on arsenic (As) uptake and translocation within the seedlings of rice cultivars. The experiment occurred in three stages: I 5 days of acclimatization (nutritive solution); II 10 days under P (0.0 and 0.09 mM) and As (0.0 and 100 mM) treatments; III 5 days under recovery. The As exposure had significant effect reducing dry weights of shoots or roots, resulted in elevated concentrations of As in shoot tissues. BR-IRGA 409 showed the highest susceptibility to As in biomass production and root system parameters regardless the P level. This cultivar showed contrasting responses of As translocation to shoot tissue dependent on P levels, with the highest As concentration under low P and lowest under normal P levels. P nutrition was most striking on plants recovery for all cultivars under As exposure. Clearer separation of cultivars for phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) occurred at lower shoot P contents, that was, at higher levels of P deficiency stress. IRGA 424 showed higher PUE as compared to the others cultivars. Our results go some way to understanding the role of P nutrition in controlling the effects of As in rice shoots.

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Growth, Phosphate Absorption, and Phosphorus Chemical Fractions in Two Chionochloa Species

Cited by 95 publications

References 59 publications

A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment

A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment

Evolution in Stressful Environments. I. Phenotypic Variability, Phenotypic Selection, and Response to Selection in Five Distinct Environmental Stresses

Effect of phosphorus on arsenic uptake and metabolism in rice cultivars differing in phosphorus use efficiency and response

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