Growth performance, morphometric of the small intestine, lymphoid organ, and ovary of laying hens supplemented with Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in drinking water

Abstract

Background and Aim: Antibiotic, improves the growth performance of laying hens when used as a feed additive; however, it has been banned in Europe. Furthermore, secondary metabolites used as a substitute for antibiotics are compounds produced by plants. Therefore, this aims to determine the effect of dates water extract (DWE) on the performance of laying hens. This study used dates containing secondary metabolites as a feed additive and substitute for antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used, dividing 400 Lohmann brown day old chick into five groups (each group has five replications and each replication consisted of 16 laying hens). Furthermore, there were two control groups such as mineral water control group and antibiotic growth promoters (basal feed+50 mg/kg of bacitracin), and three DWE groups such as 5% DWE (50 mg/mL), 10% DWE (100 mg/mL), and 20% DWE (200 mg/mL). Dates extract treatment was administered through drinking water for 54 days, whereby three laying hens from each replication were taken randomly and decapitated on the neck. Afterwards, a necropsy was performed for histological preparations of the small intestine, ovary, and lymphoid organs. The structure and morphology of the small intestine, and ovaries were observed through histological preparations, while lymphoid organs were observed through histological preparation and morphometry, and body morphometry, body weight, feed intake and weight gain were observed by measurements and weighing. Results: Small intestine morphology, ovarian follicle, and growth performance of the DWE2 group increased significantly compared to the control group, but the lymphoid organs index was influenced by DWE1. Conclusion: The administration of 10% dates extract (100 mg/mL) in drinking water improves the morphology of the small intestine, ovarian follicles, lymphoid organs, and growth performance.

Goloba kusi (Hornstedtia scottiana [F. Muell.] K. Schum.) fruit as a feed additive to improve the histological structures and growth performance of broiler

“…According to Zhou et al [57], flavonoids (baicalein) at 100-200 mg/kg can reduce FCR values in broilers aged 21-42 days. Albab et al [30] also discovered that flavonoids in 10% (100 mg/mL) DWE given for 54 days significantly reduced the value of FCR in layer chicken DOC. Furthermore, Awad et al [65] stated that the addition of a low-crude protein diet of 2% with glycine can increase the FCR value.…”

“…According to Prihambodo et al [39], administering high doses of flavonoids can improve villi and increase villi height. Albab et al [30] discovered that 10% (100 mg/mL) of flavonoids in Dates Water Extract (DWE) can increase the length of villi in the duodenum and jejunum. It can also increase the number and area of goblet cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, thereby affecting the absorption in the intestine.…”

“…Zhou et al [57] stated that flavonoids (baicalein) at a dose of 100-200 mg/kg increased the growth body weight of broiler chickens aged 21-42 days. Albab et al [30] discovered that flavonoids in 10% (100 mg/mL) DWE given for 54 days increased body weight in layer chickens. According to Setiawan et al [26], cashew leaf extract containing flavonoids given to DOC Jawa super chicken for 16 days improved body weight.…”

“…The administration of kudzu leaf extract containing flavonoids to 1-dayold chicken also enhanced antioxidant capacity due to and proteins, which enhanced the body morphometry of broiler chickens. Albab et al [30] stated that the flavonoid content in 10% (100 mg/mL) DWE given for 54 days can improve the body morphometry of layer chicken DOC. According to Jubril et al [73], administering 22% crude protein to quail for 5 weeks obtained better body morphometric results than other crude protein doses.…”

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

“…On the 56 th day, the cockerels were sacrificed using the halal method. The chest muscles Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/March-2023/7.pdf and testicles were collected and washed with 0.9% NaCl [41,42]. The testes and left pectoralis muscle were weighed and right muscle was measured using ImageJ software [32].…”