Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses in heavy Tom turkeys fed antibiotic free corn−soybean meal diets supplemented with multiple doses of a single strain Bacillus subtilis probiotic (DSM29784)

Mohammadigheisar, Mohsen; Shirley, R B; Barton, J; Welsher, A; Thiery, P; Kiarie, E.

doi:10.3382/ps/pez305

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In our previous report (40), supplementation of an increasing level of B. subtilis DSM 29784 linearly improved body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds in the pullet phase, particularly in the grower phase. Similar observations in performance outcomes were noted in poults (49) and broilers (50) using the same product (B. subtilis DSM 29784). In the present study, taxonomies, mainly in Firmicutes but also from Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, which potentially improve hens' performance (11,13,51) were specifically enriched in the probiotic-fed hens at the grower phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 29784 Modulates the Cecal Microbiome, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Apparent Retention of Dietary Components in Shaver White Chickens during Grower, Developer, and Laying Phases

Neijat

Habtewold

Shirley³

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study investigated the efficacy of a single strain of Bacillus subtilis (SSB) in modulating the composition of cecal microbiota and its link to the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and apparent retention (AR) of components. A total of 720, 4-week-old Shaver White chicks were allotted to control (CON), 1.1Eϩ08 (low, LSSB), 2.2Eϩ08 (medium, MSSB), or 1.1Eϩ09 (high, HSSB) CFU/kg of diet groups. At grower (10-week), developer (16-week), and laying (28-week) phases, excreta and cecal digesta samples were taken for AR, microbial, and SCFA analyses. Microbial analysis involved high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial diversity decreased (P Ͻ 0.05) at the developer phase as the SSB dose increased; however, a distinct clustering pattern (P Ͻ 0.05) of bacterial community was noted. Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were differentially enriched in the developer for SSB-fed compared to CON-fed birds. Although no differences in microbial diversity were detected in grower and layer phases, different species of Clostridium (XVIII, XIVa, IV, and XIVb)-major butyrate producers-were identified in all phases, with stronger effect sizes for SSB-fed compared to CON-fed birds. Isobutyric acid was elevated in dose response (P ϭ 0.034) in layer phase. In addition, the relative abundances of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated (P Ͻ 0.05), with AR of most components for SSB-fed birds in the pullet phase. The results suggested that supplementing chickens' diet with B. subtilis DSM 29784 may selectively enrich beneficial bacterial communities, which in turn are critical in promoting the growth and performance of hens. IMPORTANCE In egg-laying chickens, the trend in the move away from the cage to alternative housing systems and restriction in antimicrobial use requires alternative approaches to maintain health and prevent diseases. There is increased research and commercial interest toward alternative gut health solutions while improving the performance and product safety in poultry production systems. One such approach, in recognition of the importance of the gut microbial community, is the use of microbes as feed supplements (such as probiotics). Unlike meat-type chickens, studies assessing the efficacy of such microbial supplements are limited for egg-laying chickens. Thus, by conducting a comprehensive assessment of the hen microbiota in response to various levels of B. subtilis DSM 29784 during the pullet phase (grower and developer) and the layer phase, the present study demonstrates the importance of direct-fed microbes in modulating gut microbiome, which may relate to improved performance efficiency in the pullet and layer phases.Citation Neijat M, Habtewold J, Shirley RB, Welsher A, Barton J, Thiery P, Kiarie E. 2019. Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 29784 modulates the cecal microbiome, concentration of shortchain fatty acids, and apparent retention of dietary components in Shaver White chickens during grower, developer, and laying ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 29784 Modulates the Cecal Microbiome, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Apparent Retention of Dietary Components in Shaver White Chickens during Grower, Developer, and Laying Phases

Neijat

Habtewold

Shirley³

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

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“…Fixed jejunal tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned (5 μm), and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological examinations at the Animal Health Laboratory (University of Guelph, Guelph, ON). In each cross-sectioned tissue, at least 4 to 5 complete villus–crypt structures were examined under a Leica DMR microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlay, Germany) and villus height ( VH ) and crypt depth ( CD ) measured using a calibrated micrometer, and the ratio of VH to CD was calculated ( Mohammadigheisar et al., 2019 ). The concentration of SCFA was analyzed as described by Mohammadigheisar et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Note: Comparative gastrointestinal, tibia, and plasma attributes in 48-day-old fast- and slow-growing broiler chicken strains

et al. 2020

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Emerging market differentiation for broiler meat from strains exhibiting a range of growth rates is necessitating comparative research on various physiological and production aspects of these strains. The objective of the present study was to compare select gastrointestinal, tibial, and plasma attributes in a sample of 48-day-old (50 male and 50 female) broilers obtained from fast-and slow-growing flocks maintained under similar feed and management regimens. Eight birds were randomly selected from a fast (B; representative of modern commercial strains) and each of the 4 slow-growing strains ( SG ; D, H, M, and E). The strains differed by estimated time to reach 2.2 kg bodyweight corresponding to 36, 50, 42, 44, and 50 D for B, D, H, M, and E, respectively. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma metabolites, and birds were subsequently euthanized, weighed, and necropsied for gizzard and small intestine weight, jejunal tissue for histomorphology, ceca digesta samples for concentration of short-chain fatty acids ( SCFA ) and left tibia for ash content. Gizzard was heavier ( P < 0.01) for D, H, and M than that for B and E, whereas the small intestine was lighter ( P < 0.01) for B, D, and H than for M and E. There were no ( P > 0.05) strain differences on SCFA, jejunal villus height and crypt depth, plasma proteins, and electrolytes. Strains D, H, and M exhibited higher ( P = 0.01) tibia ash concentration than B; E was intermediate and not different ( P > 0.05) from any strain. Specifically, the tibia ash for B, D, H, SG 3, and E were 1.24, 1.44, 1.43, 1.49, and 1.39 g/kg BW, respectively. The B birds showed higher ( P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine than SG strains. In conclusion, although B and some SG strains had lighter gastrointestinal tract indicative of energy efficiency, higher circulating plasma enzymes in B birds suggested impaired hepatic function. Moreover, lower tibia ash in B suggested disproportionate body mass relative to skeletal support.

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“…Many yeast species are recognized safe by many regulatory authorities such as Qualified Presumption of Safety status assigned by the European Food Safety Authority, the Association of American Feed Control Officials and Canadian Food Inspection Agency. However, in general, most commercial probiotic feed additives for poultry are of bacterial preparations e.g., (49)(50)(51)(52)(53). The few non-bacterial (yeast or fungal) probiotics includes Aspergillus oryzae (54,55), Candida pintolopesii (54), Candida saitoana, Saccharomyces bourlardii (56), and S. cerevisiae (57).…”

Section: Live Whole Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Feed Enzymes and Yeast Derivatives in Ameliorating Deleterious Effects of Coccidiosis on Intestinal Health and Function in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2019

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Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses in heavy Tom turkeys fed antibiotic free corn−soybean meal diets supplemented with multiple doses of a single strain Bacillus subtilis probiotic (DSM29784)

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 29784 Modulates the Cecal Microbiome, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Apparent Retention of Dietary Components in Shaver White Chickens during Grower, Developer, and Laying Phases

Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 29784 Modulates the Cecal Microbiome, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Apparent Retention of Dietary Components in Shaver White Chickens during Grower, Developer, and Laying Phases

Research Note: Comparative gastrointestinal, tibia, and plasma attributes in 48-day-old fast- and slow-growing broiler chicken strains

Utility of Feed Enzymes and Yeast Derivatives in Ameliorating Deleterious Effects of Coccidiosis on Intestinal Health and Function in Broiler Chickens

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