Growth performance and fruiting of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) clonal plantation at vertic soil area in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta for conservation strategy

Abstract

Breadfruit is one of the tree species with a wide distribution in the Indonesian archipelago and shows variations in growth morphology, leave, and fruits. Therefore, the breadfruit clonal test plantation was carried out from several origin distributions at vertisol land in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, with a spacing of 5 x 5 m. This study aimed to identify the variation in growth and fruit production of 12 breadfruit cultivars at 10 years old. They were collected from Gunungkidul, Kediri, Banyuwangi, Sukabumi, Banten, Bali, Mataram, Lampung, Bone, Malino, Sorong, and Manokwari. The study was conducted by selecting 4 trees from each cultivar that have average growth and replicated five times. The growth characters of breadfruit trees were observed, namely height, stem diameter at breast height, canopy width, and a number of fruits. The observation results showed that there is a significant influence of origin distribution of breadfruit on growth and fruiting performance. The average tree height was 6.1-9.7 m, stem diameter 14.2-22.0 cm, canopy width 3.2-6.1 m, and the number of ripe fruit 3-21 fruit/tree. Breadfruit clones from South Sulawesi (Bone, Malino) and Papua (Sorong, Manokwari) were relatively stable, showing the best performance in all the characters observed. It is indicated that cultivars from South Sulawesi and Papua were adaptable in vertic soil.

Predicting the suitable cultivation areas of breadfruit crops Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) under future climate scenarios in Central Java, Indonesia

“…It is known as a versatile crop since all parts of breadfruit are consumable and can be used by humans ( Estalansa et al., 2018 ). In Indonesia, breadfruit crops were also cultivated within agroforestry systems ( Elevitch and Ragone, 2018 ; Adinugraha et al., 2021 ). Breadfruit is an important crop since its production is increasing from 35,435 metric tons to 92,014 in just within seven years, covering 13,359 ha.…”

“…This climate change has the potential to threaten the existence of breadfruit crops and food security. The current study on breadfruit in Indonesia and Java Island focuses mainly on diversity aspects ( Rahmah and Waluyo, 2019 ) ( Estalansa et al., 2018 ), and growth performance ( Adinugraha et al., 2021 ), yet a study on how climate change can impact the potential adaptation of breadfruit is still limited.…”