Growth patterns of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in response to temperature, irradiance, salinity, and nitrogen source

Hanisak, M. Dennis

doi:10.1007/bf00387009

Cited by 114 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The thick, optically dense thallus of Codiurn prevents photoinhibition in full sunlight (Ramus et al, 1976;Arnold & Murray, 1980). Similarly, nutrient requirements are neither specific nor particularly high; Codiurn grows equally well with nitrate, nitrite, a m m o n i u m and urea as a nitrogen source (Hanisak, 1979) and it has the ability to store surplus nitrogen for growth during penods of limited external supplies (Hanisak, 1979;Hanisak & Harlin, 1978). Furthermore, N2-fixation has been d o c u m e n t e d for cyanobacteria associated with Codium (Dromgoole et al, 1978); however, Gerard et al (1990) suggest that hardly any of the fixed nitrogen is utilized by the seaweed.…”

Section: Fragile Is Erect and Dichotomously Branched (mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It grows to between 15 and 60 cm tall as an adult plant (Silva, 1955;Fralick and Mathieson, 1972;Benson et al, 1983) and may reach even 1 m length (Burrows, 1991). The life cycle is simple, with monoecious adults reproducing either sexually or parthenogenetically (Churchill & Moeller, 1972;Fralick & Mathieson, 1973;Hanisak, 1979;Prince, 1988). In both cases, the externally fertilized or the unfertilized female gamete gives rise to a juvenile tuft of dissociated filaments from which erect thalli grow under favourable conditions (Fletcher et al, 1989).…”

Section: Codiuni Fragile (Sur) Harlot Ssr Tomentosoides (Van Goor) Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the species exhibits a wide morphological and functional plasticity. In a physiological sense, Codium is considered a warm temperate species with the optimum water temperature for growth and reproduction (formation and release of gametes) at 24 ~ (Hanisak, 1979). However, growth and reproduction -both in laboratory cultures and in the field -are still possible at approximately 12 ~ (Churchill & Moeller, 1972;Fralick & Mathieson, 1973;Malinowski & Ramus, 1973).…”

Section: Codiuni Fragile (Sur) Harlot Ssr Tomentosoides (Van Goor) Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Ulva sp. (Arnold & Murray, 1980), and saturation photon irradiance generally varies b e t w e e n 60 and 90 pmol m -2 s -1 d e p e n d i n g on the associated temperature and daylength (Hanisak, 1979). The thick, optically dense thallus of Codiurn prevents photoinhibition in full sunlight (Ramus et al, 1976;Arnold & Murray, 1980).…”

Section: Fragile Is Erect and Dichotomously Branched (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties of potentially successful biological invaders according to Lodge (1993) and their applicability to Codiam fragile (ssp. tomentosoJdes) Properties of successful invaders (Lodge, 1993) Ramus, 1978;Ramus & Venable, 1987Fralick & Mathieson, 1972Dromgoole, 1982;Burrows, 1991Churchill & Moeller, 1972Fralick & Mathieson, 1973;1-1anisak, 1979;Burrows, 1991Fralick & Mathieson, 1972Ramus, 1972Trowbridge, 1995, anti references therein; Silva, personal communication Burrows, 1991 ;Silva, 1992Silva, 1955Silva, 1955Carlton & Scanlon, 1985;Burrows, 1991;Trowbndge, 1995Hanisak, 1979 ment and integration, of which the latter includes ecological links with other species, as well as evolution in the recipient communities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From introduced species to invader: what determines variation in the success ofCodium fragile ssp.tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean?

Chapman

1998

Helgolander Meeresunters

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The green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) has been introduced accidentally and successfully from Japan to many shores of the northern and southern hemispheres, including those of the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic Ocean. On most European coasts, Codium occurs regularly but at low abundances in the intertidal zone and is absent from subtidal habitats, tn contrast. Codium is extremely abundant in subtidal kelp beds in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean where it often reaches nuisance proportions. This differential success cannot be accounted for by either the properties of the invader or by physico-chemical differences between invaded coasts. A theoretical comparison between two regions on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean, i.e. Eastern Nova Scotia, Canada, and south central Britain, illustrates how the resident benthic community may determine the difference in relative abundance of Codium in subtidal habitats between northeast America and Europe. In this review, low floral species diversity, biological disturbance and facilitation by a previous species invasion are suggested as potential factors for the establishment, success and abundance of Codium in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, but these require testing in field experiments. I N T R O D U C T I O N S t u d i e s of t h e e c o l o g y of s p e c i e s i n t r o d u c t i o n s into n o ve l m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t s h a v e o f t e n e m p h a s i z e d (1) t h e p r o p e r t i e s of s u c c e s s f u l l y i n v a d i n g species, (2) t h e c h a r a c t e ristics of f r e q u e n t l y i n v a d e d c o m m u n i t i e s or (3) t h e t r a n s p o r t v e c t o r s i n v o l v e d in overc o m i n g b a r r i e r s of space, c l i m a t e or h a b i t a t (e.g. C a r l t o n

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Section: Fragile Is Erect and Dichotomously Branched (mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Codiuni Fragile (Sur) Harlot Ssr Tomentosoides (Van Goor) Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codiuni Fragile (Sur) Harlot Ssr Tomentosoides (Van Goor) Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fragile Is Erect and Dichotomously Branched (mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From introduced species to invader: what determines variation in the success ofCodium fragile ssp.tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean?

Chapman

1998

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Biofouling and Climate Change

Poloczanska

Butler

2009

Biofouling

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Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species‐specific eDNA

Muha

Skukan

Borrell

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim Codium fragile , an invasive seaweed, has spread widely during the last century, impacting on local seaweed communities through competition and disturbance. Early detection of C. fragile can help on its control and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved successful for early detection of aquatic invasive species but its potential use for seaweed remains understudied. We used a species‐specific eDNA qPCR approach to investigate the spatial distribution, abundance, and coexistence of the invasive C. fragile and three native Codium species ( Codium vermilara , Codium tomentosum , and Codium decorticatum ) in the Cantabrian Sea. Location Bay of Biscay, Northern Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula; two ports, a beach and a rocky cliff. Methods We designed species‐specific primers in barcoding regions targeting short fragments of the rbcL gene for the invasive Codium species, and the elongation factor Tu (tufA) gene for the native species, to assess their spatial and seasonal distributions using quantitative real‐time PCR in samples collected during summer, autumn, and winter. Results We found seasonal differences in the presence of the invasive Codium fragile and two of the native Codium species, but did not detect C. decorticatum at any point. Species distribution patterns produced with qPCR targeting species‐specific eDNA coincided with the known distribution based on previous conventional sampling, with a seasonal alternance of C. fragile and C. vermilara , and a marked dominance of invasive C. fragile in ports, which are known hotspots for invasive species. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate the utility of using eDNA for early detection and monitoring of invasive seaweed. Native and invasive Codium spp. displayed significant seasonal and spatial differentiation that needs to be taken into account in risk management. Regular monitoring of ports and adjacent areas using eDNA should help to assess the potential expansion of invasive Codium and the need for management interventions to avoid the displacement of native seaweed.

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Growth patterns of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in response to temperature, irradiance, salinity, and nitrogen source

Cited by 114 publications

References 23 publications

From introduced species to invader: what determines variation in the success ofCodium fragile ssp.tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean?

From introduced species to invader: what determines variation in the success ofCodium fragile ssp.tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean?

Biofouling and Climate Change

Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species‐specific eDNA

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