Growth Optimization and Secondary Metabolites Evaluation of Anabaena variabilis for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity

Abstract

Cyanobacteria comprise a good natural resource of a potential variety of neuro-chemicals, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors essential for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Accordingly, eight different cyanobacterial species were isolated, identified, and evaluated on their growth on different standard nutrient media. It was found that the modified Navicula medium supported the highest growth of the test cyanobacteria. The effects of methylene chloride/methanol crude extracts of the test cyanobacteria on acetylcholinesterase activity were examined and compared. Anabaena variabilis (KU696637.1) crude extract recorded the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition (62 ± 1.3%). Navicula medium chemical components were optimized through a Plackett–Burman factorial design. The biomass of Anabaena variabilis increased significantly when grown on the optimized medium compared to that of control. The chemical analysis of the fractions derived from Anabaena variabilis showed the presence of two compounds in significant amounts: the flavonoid 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chrome-4-one and the alkaloid 4-phenyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl) quinazoline. Molecular docking studies revealed that both compounds interact with the allosteric binding site of acetylcholinesterase at the periphery with π-π stackings with Tyr341 and Trp286 with good, predicted partition coefficient. The compounds obtained from this study open the door for promising drug candidates to treat Alzheimer’s disease for their better pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties.

Influence of Medium Recipe on Biomass and Lipid Profile of an Aquatic Green Microalga Monoraphidium convolutum for Biodiesel Production

“…It has been well recognized that macronutrients and micronutrients vary from one growth medium to another, which is crucial for algal constituents and the production of particular metabolites (Hong & Lee, 2008;Refaay et al, 2022a). The experimental findings (Fig.…”

Characterization of the anti-AChE potential and alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis from different Coptis species combined with spectrum-effect relationship and molecular docking

“…Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, including tacrine hydrochloride, huperzine A, and donepezil, are currently used drugs to relieve the symptoms of this disease ( Taqui et al., 2022 ). Although these drugs can delay disease progression, most of them are accompanied by certain side effects ( Refaay et al., 2022 ) Therefore, the screening of AChE inhibitors from natural products has become a research hotspot to better treat Alzheimer’s disease ( Lin et al., 2020b ; Ahmed et al., 2021 ).…”