Growth of underwater communication technology in the U.S. Navy

Headrick, Robert H.; Freitag, Lee

doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.4752681

Cited by 78 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Without the loss of generality, we focus on uncoded BPSK transmission. Under the assumption of a Ricean fading model for the node-to-node channel [25], [26], and assuming that perfect channel state information is available at the receiver, the bit error probability 3 can be upper bounded as [29] …”

Section: Multihop Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential applications could include target tracking by a sensor field, submarine detection, mine countermeasures, etc., as discussed, e.g., in [3] and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…T HE DESIGN and analysis of underwater wireless (acoustic) communications systems is receiving an increased interest by both researchers and practitioners in the area [1], [2], [3]. Initial research efforts have focused on underwater acoustic channel modeling, link capacity analysis and pointto-point communications, (see [4], [5] and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Networks

Stefanov

Stojanovic

2011

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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Abstract-We analyze the performance of underwater acoustic ad-hoc networks in the presence of interference. We assume a uniform distribution of nodes over a finite area, and focus for simplicity on a two-dimensional network. The node-to-node channel is modeled using frequency dependent path loss and Ricean fading. We adopt a communication theoretic approach and study the sustainable number of hops through the network as an indicator of the network connectivity, as well as power and bandwidth requirements. The network operation is highly dependent on the node density with two distinct regions of limited performance: the coverage-limited region, where the number of nodes in the network is small, and the interference-limited region, where the number of nodes is large. We show that a desired level of connectivity can be achieved through a judicious selection of the operating frequency, power and bandwidth. Numerical examples illustrate the results of the analysis.These results motivate us to propose a hierarchical underwater acoustic sensor network architecture in which the sensors and the collector stations operate in distinct layers. The hierarchical architecture is supported by the property of the acoustic underwater transmission medium that for each transmission distance there exists an operating frequency for which the narrowband signal-to-noise ratio is maximized. The sensors and the collector stations are consequently allocated different operating frequencies. We assume a uniform distribution of both sensors and collector stations over the finite area of the sensing field, and model the channel accordingly. The analysis is performed under the assumption that there is interference from other nodes within the same layer of the hierarchy. Numerical examples illustrate the network performance and demonstrate that the preferred operating frequencies ensure network operation without any cross-interference between the collector network and the sensor network.Index Terms-Underwater acoustic networks, ad-hoc networks, connectivity, hierarchical sensor networks.

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Section: Multihop Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential applications could include target tracking by a sensor field, submarine detection, mine countermeasures, etc., as discussed, e.g., in [3] and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Networks

Stefanov

Stojanovic

2011

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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“…Initial research efforts have focused on underwater acoustic channel modelling and point-to-point communications [3,4]. Motivated by these theoretical models and driven by the maturation of underwater acoustic modem technology [5,6], the development of underwater sensor networks is coming close to realisation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical underwater acoustic sensor networks

Stefanov

Stojanovic

2010

Proceedings of the Fifth ACM International Workshop on UnderWater Networks - WUWNet '10

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We consider a hierarchical Q1 Q2underwater acoustic sensor network architecture in which the sensors and the collector stations operate in distinct layers. The hierarchical architecture is motivated by the property of the acoustic underwater transmission medium that for each transmission distance, there exists an operating frequency for which the narrow-band signal-to-noise ratio is maximised. The sensors and the collector stations are consequently allocated different operating frequencies. We assume a uniform distribution of both sensors and collector stations over the finite area of the sensing field. The sensors are organised into clusters forming virtual transmit/receive arrays. The collector stations, on the other hand, are equipped with co-located transmit/receive arrays. We adopt a communication-theoretic approach and study the interdependence of the sustainable number of hops through the network, end-to-end frame error probability, power and bandwidth allocation. The analysis is performed under the assumption of Ricean fading and interference from other nodes within the same layer of the hierarchy. We present numerical examples that illustrate the network performance and demonstrate that there are preferred operating frequencies, which ensure network operation without any cross-interference between the collector network and the sensor network.

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“…One of the first underwater communication devices was the underwater phone, developed for the US Navy after World War II [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

Contribution to Research on Underwater Sensor Networks Architectures by Means of Simulation

Bayarri¹,

Salvador²

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A tots aquells que m'han ajudat i m'han donat suport i recolzament durant aquests quatre anys. A tots vosaltres, de tot cor, moltes gràcies. AbstractThe concept of smart environment envisions a world in which various kinds of smart devices collaborate towards a common objective. In this context, smart refers to the ability to acquire and apply knowledge autonomously to achieve this objective, while environment refers to the physical world. Therefore, a smart environment can be defined as one that acquires knowledge of its surroundings, and applying it can improve the experience of its inhabitants.Ubiquitous or pervasive computing will allow this concept of smart environment to become a reality. Usually, ubiquitous computing refers to the use of small, inexpensive devices distributed in the physical world, which are able to communicate with each other and collaboratively solve a problem.When this communication is performed wirelessly, these devices form a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These networks have increasingly attracted attention due to their wide range of applications, ranging from military solutions to home applications.This thesis focuses on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) in which, although sharing the same principles as the WSN, the different transmission medium changes their main means of communication from radio to acoustic signals. This change renders both networks different in many aspects such as propagation delay, available bandwidth, energy consumption, etc. In fact, acoustic signals have a propagation speed that is five orders of magnitude lower than radio signals. Therefore, many algorithms and protocols need to be adapted or re-designed.Since the deployment of these types of networks can be very difficult and expensive, carefully planning the necessary hardware and algorithms is essential. Simulations are a very convenient way of testing different variables before actual deployment. However, this can only be achieved when using accurate models and real parameters that enable the extraction of trustworthy results and conclusions.This thesis proposes a UWSN ecosystem based on freely available, open source tools. This ecosystem is composed of an energy-harvesting model and a low-cost, low-power underwater wake-up modem model that, alongside existing models, en-I ables the performance of accurate simulations by providing real weather and marine conditions from the location where the target application is to be deployed.This ecosystem is then successfully applied to the study and evaluation of various transmission protocols when applied on a real application for monitoring an offshore fish-farming facility, which is part of an Spanish research project (CICYT CTM2011-2961-C02-01). Subsequently, by using the energy-harvesting model, the simulation platform is used to determine the energy requirements of the application and to extract the minimum hardware requirements. II ResumEl concepte d'entorn intel·ligent concebeix un món on diferents tipus de dispositius intel·ligents col·laboren p...

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Growth of underwater communication technology in the U.S. Navy

Cited by 78 publications

References 2 publications

Design and Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Networks

Design and Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Networks

Hierarchical underwater acoustic sensor networks

Contribution to Research on Underwater Sensor Networks Architectures by Means of Simulation

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