Growth of Ti:sapphire single crystal thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Anderson, Andrew A.; Eason, R.W.; Jelı́nek, M.; Grivas, C.; Lane, David W.; Rogers, Keith; Hickey, L.M.B.; Fotakis, C.

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(96)09455-2

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high melting temperature of these crystals in combination with their phase transition point that lies below their melting point, make their growth in bulk form very challenging [116]. In this respect, another notable example is the deposition of Ti:sapphire layers with a degree of crystal perfection comparable with the commercial bulk crystals used as targets, at temperatures around 975ºC, which is well below the melting temperature of the bulk crystal (~2200ºC) [117]. Finally, it is worth noting that PLD has also proven suitable for two-dimensional, lattice matched, layer-by-layer growth of rare-earthactivated planar waveguides [103,104,118].…”

Section: Pulsed Laser Deposition (Pld)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

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102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Pulsed Laser Deposition (Pld)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

Self Cite

193

102

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“…All films employed for the investigation were grown at substrate temperatures of 975 C and had a thickness of 11 m. To localize the substrate heating and to prevent contamination through desorption from the walls of the deposition chamber, a 100 W CO laser (Synrad 57-1-28 W) was used as a heating source. This heating technique has already been implemented successfully in PLD [12], [13].…”

Section: A Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of ar/sup +/ -milled ti:sapphire rib waveguides as single transverse-mode broadband fluorescence sources

Grivas

Shepherd

May-Smith

et al. 2003

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…Other methods for fabricating Ti:sapphire channel waveguides include femtosecond laser writing [7], ion indiffusion [8], and pulsed laser deposition [9] in combination with reactive ion etching [10,11]. The latter methods have lead to the demonstration of broadband luminescent emitters [12], which show potential as light sources in optical coherence tomography [13], and planar [14], rib channel [15], and in-diffused channel [16] waveguide lasers.…”

Section: Proton-implanted Ti:sapphire Channel Waveguide Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapphire and other dielectric waveguide devices

Pollnau

2008

LEOS 2008 - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

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Growth of Ti:sapphire single crystal thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Performance of ar/sup +/ -milled ti:sapphire rib waveguides as single transverse-mode broadband fluorescence sources

Sapphire and other dielectric waveguide devices

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