Growth of the young weaned pig.

Whittemore, C. T.; Green, D. M.; Varley, M. A.; Wiseman, J.

doi:10.1079/9780851995328.0001

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This variation in pig growth performance both within and between litters continues through their lifetime (Kennedy, 1984). Growth rate is largely driven by feed intake (Whittemore and Green, 2001), hence variable growth rate is a reflection of variable feed intake. Research by Geary and Brooks (1998) has shown that each 50 g/day increase in dry-matter feed intake in the week following weaning was associated with an increase of 870 g in 28-day post-weaning weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic and environmental factors contribute to variable feed intake within and between litters and herds of pigs. Environmentally, variable feed intake can be a result of, for example, birth weight, sex, weaning age, management system, disease status or diet composition (Pajor et al, 1991;Bruininx et al, 2001;Whittemore and Green, 2001;O'Connell et al, 2002). Profitability is also highly variable between herds -E-mail: elizabeth.magowan@afbini.gov.uk (Stein et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of growth rate variation between commercial pig herds

Magowan

McCann

Beattie³

et al. 2007

Animal

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The study was designed to provide quantifiable information on both within-and between-herd variation in pig growth rate from birth to slaughter and to examine how this was influenced by moving pigs at a common age to a common environment. Five litters were selected from each of eight pig herds in Northern Ireland with varying growth performance. All eight herds were offered the same nutritional regime. Five pigs (three boars and two gilts) were selected from each litter. In each herd, 22 pigs (12 boars and 10 gilts) were weighed individually, every 4 weeks, from 4 to 20 weeks of age. At 4 weeks of age (weaning) three non-sibling boars were taken from each herd and brought to a common environment where they received medication, were housed individually from 6 weeks of age and offered the same dietary regime. They were weighed and feed intakes were recorded twice weekly. A growth rate difference of 61 g/day (P , 0.001), 112 g/day (P , 0.01) and 170 g/day (P , 0.001) was observed on farm, between the top and bottom quartile of herds during 4 to 8, 8 to 12 and 12 to 20 weeks of age, respectively. This difference in growth rate equated to an average difference in cost of production of b13/kg carcass on a birth to bacon unit. When pigs from the different herds were housed in the common environment, large variation in growth performance (143 g/day (P , 0.01) and 243 g/day (P , 0.001) for 8 to 12 and 12 to 20 weeks, respectively) was also observed between the top and bottom quartile of herds. Although feed efficiency was similar, a significant feed intake difference of 329 g/day (P , 0.01) and 655 g/day (P , 0.001) between 8 to 12 and 12 to 20 weeks of age was observed. The variation in growth rate between pigs whether managed on farm or in the common environment was similar (variation in days to 100 kg on farm and in the common environment was 18 and 19 days, respectively). When housed in the common environment, although the top and bottom quartile of pigs converted feed equally efficiently, pigs in the top quartile had significantly higher feed intakes suggesting greater appetites. It is difficult to assess the extent to which these differences can be attributed to genetic effects or pre-weaning environment, and how much the effects of management, disease or genetics contributed to the variation between and within herds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of growth rate variation between commercial pig herds

Magowan

McCann

Beattie³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…At this time, the newly weaned pig encounters psychosocial and physical stressors including maternal and littermate separation, abrupt changes in diet and environment, and comingling and establishment of social hierarchy with unfamiliar pigs from different litters (11,46). In disease challenge models, it has been shown that the incorporation of weaning stressors is often required to initiate the development of enteric diseases, suggesting that stress plays a critical role in disease susceptibility (15,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stress signaling pathways activated by weaning mediate intestinal dysfunction in the pig

Moeser

Klok

Ryan

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

252

230

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Weaning in the piglet is a stressful event associated with gastrointestinal disorders and increased disease susceptibility. Although stress is thought to play a role in postweaning intestinal disease, the mechanisms by which stress influences intestinal pathophysiology in the weaned pig are not understood. The objectives of these experiments were to investigate the impact of weaning on gastrointestinal health in the pig and to assess the role of stress signaling pathways in this response. Nineteen-day-old pigs were weaned, and mucosal barrier function and ion transport were assessed in jejunal and colonic tissues mounted on Ussing chambers. Weaning caused marked disturbances in intestinal barrier function, as demonstrated by significant ( P < 0.01) reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance and increases in intestinal permeability to [3H]mannitol in both the jejunum and colon compared with intestinal tissues from age-matched, unweaned control pigs. Weaned intestinal tissues exhibited increased intestinal secretory activity, as demonstrated by elevated short-circuit current that was sensitive to treatment with tetrodotoxin and indomethacin, suggesting activation of enteric neural and prostaglandin synthesis pathways in weaned intestinal tissues. Western blot analyses of mucosal homogenates showed increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 in the jejunum and colon of weaned intestinal tissues. Pretreatment of pigs with the CRF receptor antagonist α-helical CRF(9–41), which was injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to weaning, abolished the stress-induced mucosal changes. Our results indicate that weaning stress induces mucosal dysfunction mediated by intestinal CRF receptors and activated by enteric nerves and prostanoid pathways.

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“…Kyriazakis and Whittemore (2006) suggested SM crit value of 0.032 for the industrial, standard pig house. The k value in this equation is about 0.05 (Edwards et al, 1988;Roan, 1991;Whittemore et al, 2001;Kyriazakis & Whittemore, 2006). This k value results in about 1 m 2 /100 kg of pig weight in the pen.…”

Section: Stocking Densitymentioning

confidence: 94%

A simulation model for predicting the voluntary feed intake of a growing pig

Yoosuk

Ong

Roan

et al. 2011

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

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The main goal of this simulator is to predict voluntary feed intake based on the effects of temperature and stocking density. The model indicates the limiting factors relative to diet ( protein, energy or ash), housing environmental conditions and stocking density. The concepts of compensatory protein growth, correction of lipid growth, the desired feed intake to meet energy, protein and ash requirements, and influences of stocking density, genotype and sex are also introduced in this model. This study draws a flow chart and steps to predict feed intake of a growing pig to make it clear how the model works. The model simulates the outcomes of feed intake, energy and protein requirements for maintenance, the energy cost for cold thermogenesis, and protein and lipid retention on a daily basis until slaughter weight. This model was also validated by comparison with published experiments

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Growth of the young weaned pig.

Abstract: Mathematical models for the assessement of growth in young weaned pigs are presented. Growth performance of piglets is analysed in relation to feed intake, gut capacity and weaning weight.

Cited by 18 publications

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Investigation of growth rate variation between commercial pig herds

Investigation of growth rate variation between commercial pig herds

Stress signaling pathways activated by weaning mediate intestinal dysfunction in the pig

A simulation model for predicting the voluntary feed intake of a growing pig

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