Growth of the lava dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington, (USA), 1981–1983

Swanson, Donald A.; Dzurisin, Daniel; Holcomb, Robin T.; Iwatsubo, Eugene Y.; Chadwick, William W.; Casadevall, Thomas J.; Ewert, John W.; Heliker, Christina

doi:10.1130/spe212-p1

Cited by 78 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…This could be related to an episode of internal (endogenous) edifice growth induced by the intrusion, which has been directly observed at basaltic volcanoes [e.g., Francis et al, 1993] and during silicic dome formation [e.g., Kaneko et al, 2002;Swanson et al, 1987], but not commonly at stratovolcanoes (edifice wide). This could be related to an episode of internal (endogenous) edifice growth induced by the intrusion, which has been directly observed at basaltic volcanoes [e.g., Francis et al, 1993] and during silicic dome formation [e.g., Kaneko et al, 2002;Swanson et al, 1987], but not commonly at stratovolcanoes (edifice wide).…”

Section: Internal Edifice Growth By Episodic Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground deformation before the 2015 eruptions of Cotopaxi volcano detected by InSAR

Rivera

Amelung

Mothes

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Cotopaxi volcano started a period of volcanic unrest in April 2015 that led to a series of eruptions between August and November 2015. We use COSMO‐SkyMed Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar supported by continuous GPS observations spanning the period of 2014–2016 to obtain time‐dependent ground deformation data over Cotopaxi volcano related to the period of unrest and onset of eruptions. We find evidence of precursory deformation, with a maximum uplift on the western flank of 3.4 cm from April to August 2015. Deformation is explained by an inclined sheet intrusion located a few km southwest of the summit with an opening volume of 6.8 × 106 m3, extending from a depth of 12.1 km and shallowing to 5.5 km below the summit, that contributed to internal edifice growth. The temporal coincidence of deformation prior to the eruptions potentially suggests that short‐term eruptions at Cotopaxi are partly controlled by episodic edifice growth.

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Section: Internal Edifice Growth By Episodic Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground deformation before the 2015 eruptions of Cotopaxi volcano detected by InSAR

Rivera

Amelung

Mothes

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Williams 1932;Christiansen and Lipman 1966;Cole 1970;Huppert et al 1982;Murase et al 1985;Fink and Manley 1987;Swanson et al 1987;Anderson and Fink 1990;Duffield and Dalrymple 1990;Swanson and Holcomb 1990;Dadd 1992;Miller 1994;Fink and Bridges 1995;Nakada et al 1995). These mostly deal with the mechanical aspects of lava dome emplacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experiments on internal strain in lava dome cross sections

Buisson

Merle

2002

Bull Volcanol

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Simple experiments have been conducted to study the strain evolution in lava dome cross sections. A viscous fluid is injected vertically from a reservoir into a feeding conduit. Silicone putty is used as analogue magma. Two-dimensional experiments allow the assessment of the internal strain within the dome. Particle paths are symmetrical on either side of a central line passing through the feeding conduit and display parabolic trajectories. The highest strain zone is located above the extrusion zone. In cross sections, stretch trajectories show a remarkable concentric pattern, wrapping around the extrusion zone of the analogue magma. To the lateral margins, a triple junction of stretch trajectories defines an isotropic point in the strain field. In the main central part of the dome, an intermediate zone of reversed sense of shearing is caused by a change in the sign of the velocity gradient with respect to that in the upper and lower zones. Knowledge of this evolving strain pattern can provide a better understanding of the evolution of natural domes. Also, it can help to unravel the kinematic history of ancient domes partly removed by erosion.

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“…Assigning any given magmatic dome to one of the four laboratory-based types may be problematic, especially because natural domes rarely have effusion rates or rheologic properties that remain constant In addition to flow-parallel striations, lobe surfaces may occasionally exhibit discontinuous, poorly defined, transverse corrugations with wavelengths of the order of tens of meters [Fink, 1980]. Local spreading centers, or "crease structures" , may occur either directly over the vent or at other sites where a lobe surface is being stretched apart [Swanson et al, 1987]. Crease structures have paired, smooth, upwardly convex surfaces that move laterally outward from the central axis.…”

Section: Scaling Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, eruption rates, and rheology of lava domes: Insights from laboratory models

1998

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Abstract. The growth of lava domes can be either quiescent or violent, with transitions between styles of behavior commonly occurring with little warning. Here we propose that the behavior depends on the eruption rate, the magma theology, and the thickness of the cooling surface. We present a model, based on laboratory simulations, field measurements, and photographic analysis, that relates the morphology and texture of a dome to the thickness of its cooled carapace, and thence to eruption conditions. A sequence of four main types of dome (spiny, lobate, platy, and axisymmetric) is identified in laboratory analog experiments with a Bingham plastic. These regimes are associated with progressively higher effusion rates, lower cooling rates, lower yield strengths, and (in real lava flows) decreasing tendency for explosive decompression during flow front collapse and are ordered according to the value of a single dimensionless number. The model allows an estimate of the yield strengths of the magma forming active domes based on data for the effusion rate and composition. It also permits the eruption rates of prehistoric or extraterrestrial lava domes and flows to be appraised from their morphology, if their compositions can be estimated. A comparison with the laboratory results suggests that the Venusian "pancake domes" are likely to have basaltic to basaltic andesitic composition.

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Growth of the lava dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington, (USA), 1981–1983

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Ground deformation before the 2015 eruptions of Cotopaxi volcano detected by InSAR

Ground deformation before the 2015 eruptions of Cotopaxi volcano detected by InSAR

Experiments on internal strain in lava dome cross sections

Morphology, eruption rates, and rheology of lava domes: Insights from laboratory models

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