Growth of the exclusively breast-fed Infant

Ahn, Chung Hae; MacLean, William C.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.2.183

Cited by 134 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…É inegável a importância do aleitamento materno na nutrição das crianças, sendo consenso que o aleitamento materno exclusivo, principalmente nos primeiros 6 meses de vida, seja a forma mais adequada e ideal para se alimentar uma criança, suprindo todas as suas necessidades nutricionais para que mantenha seu crescimento dentro da normalidade nesse período 3,12,17,18 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Growth of exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life

Marques¹,

Lopez²,

Braga³

2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Artigo submetido em 26.05.03, aceito em 12.11.03. AbstractObjective: To evaluate the growth of exclusively breastfed infants from birth to 6 months of life.Methods: This was a longitudinal study of 184 children who received primary care at a public institution (Exclusive Breastfeeding Stimulation Program, PROAME) in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil, between February 2000 and January 2001. A total of 102 children completed the study. All were born at full term with a birth weight greater than or equal to 2,500 g. No events were recorded during the neonatal period and the infants were exclusively breastfed, on demand, since their birth. The infants were followed up monthly, and the weight and length measured at birth and at the end of the first, fourth and sixth months of life were compared to the 50th percentile line of the NCHS growth charts and to other previous studies of Brazilian children who were exclusively breastfed.Results: Growth was adequate for all the children, who doubled their weight before the fourth month of life. Despite a slow-down in weight and height gain after the fourth month, the weight averages at 6 months were greater than the standards used for comparison. Conclusions:The average weight of these exclusively breastfed children was above the 50th percentile of the NCHS curve at 6 months, thus confirming the nutritional advantages of breast milk, especially when the mothers receive guidance regarding the appropriate techniques for breastfeeding. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a evolução do crescimento de crianças alimentadas exclusivamente com leite materno durante os primeiros 6 meses de vida.Métodos: Estudo longitudinal de 184 crianças que receberam atenção primária em instituição pública (Programa de Incentivo ao Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo) de Belém (PA), entre fevereiro de 2000 e janeiro de 2001. Finalizaram o estudo 102 lactentes nascidos a termo, com peso igual ou superior a 2.500 g, sem intercorrências no período neonatal e alimentados exclusivamente com leite materno sob livre demanda desde o nascimento. Acompanhados mensalmente, foram avaliados os registros de peso e comprimento ao nascer, no primeiro, quarto e sexto meses de vida. Avaliou-se o crescimento através das médias de peso e estatura para cada idade, comparando-se os resultados com o percentil 50° dos gráficos de crescimento do National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) e com outros estudos anteriores com crianças brasileiras em aleitamento materno exclusivo.Resultados: As crianças tiveram crescimento adequado, dobrando de peso antes do quarto mês de vida, com desaceleração do ganho pôndero-estatural após o quarto mês, porém chegando aos 6 meses com médias de peso superiores aos padrões utilizados para comparação.Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que crianças em aleitamento materno exclusivo chegaram aos 6 meses com peso médio superior ao percentil 50° do NCHS, confirmando as vantagens nutricionais do leite materno, principalmente quando as mães recebem orientação sobre a técnica adequada para amamentar. ARTIGO ORIGINAL In...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Growth of exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life

Marques¹,

Lopez²,

Braga³

2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…Distinctive growth patterns of breast-fed and formula-fed infants Applying US-based anthropometric standards to infants is another controversial area, since the US standard reflects the experience of mostly formula-fed infants who were supplemented with solid food fairly early in life (Ahn and MacLean 1980). Furthermore, at the time the data for the standards were collected, more nutrient-dense infant formulas were used than is now the case.…”

Section: Individual Adaptation To Nutritional Constraint?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a number of researchers have argued that the standard reflects a less-than-optimal growth pattern (Ahn and MacLean 1980;Huffman 1991;Whitehead and Paul 1984). Whitehead and Paul argued that there was no reason for concern when children fall behind standards based on ''inappropriately constituted and administered formulae.''…”

Section: Individual Adaptation To Nutritional Constraint?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, stronger manual labourers may be able to earn more than enough to compensate for the increased caloric needs associated with their larger size. Although it seems likely that individual adaptation to low intake occurs regularly, anthropometric measurements are still useful hunger indicators.Distinctive growth patterns of breast-fed and formula-fed infants Applying US-based anthropometric standards to infants is another controversial area, since the US standard reflects the experience of mostly formula-fed infants who were supplemented with solid food fairly early in life (Ahn and MacLean 1980). Furthermore, at the time the data for the standards were collected, more nutrient-dense infant formulas were used than is now the case.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore recommended that other foods should be added to the infant's diet even if breast-feeding continues beyond the first four or six months (see, e.g., Underwood and Hofvander 1982). Nevertheless, a number of researchers have argued that the standard reflects a less-than-optimal growth pattern (Ahn and MacLean 1980; Huffman 1991;Whitehead and Paul 1984). Whitehead and Paul argued that there was no reason for concern when children fall behind standards based on ''inappropriately constituted and administered formulae.''…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Who's hungry? And how do we know?: food shortage, poverty, and deprivation

DeRose¹,

Messer²,

Millman³

1999

Choice Reviews Online

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The United Nations University is an organ of the United Nations established by the General Assembly in 1972 to be an international community of scholars engaged in research, advanced training, and the dissemination of knowledge related to the pressing global problems of human survival, development, and welfare. Its activities focus mainly on peace and conflict resolution, development in a changing world, and science and technology in relation to human welfare. The University operates through a worldwide network of research and postgraduate training centres, with its planning and coordinating headquarters in Tokyo.The United Nations University Press, the publishing division of the UNU, publishes scholarly books and periodicals in the social sciences, humanities, and pure and applied natural sciences related to the University's research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University PressThe United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan Tel: þ81-3-3499-2811 Fax: þ81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: sales@hq.unu.edu http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office in North America 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2050DC2- -2058 Contents PrefaceIn July 1986 the Feinstein World Hunger Program faculty at Brown University, directed by geographer Robert Kates, began formulating a conceptual framework for analysing hunger and hunger-related policy making. This ''hunger typology'' is based on a three-tiered paradigm of hunger causation and consequences that draws on methods of food production/famine research, entitlement theory, and nutrition/nutritional anthropology. The framework brings together the disparate disciplines of political economics, sociology-anthropology, and public health-human biology, and also policy and organizational research. It integrates their approaches and evidence into a single format that allows all to identify ''who's hungry'' and take steps to prevent and alleviate hunger. The hunger typology distinguishes among situations of food shortage, food poverty, or food deprivation. At a regional or national level, a food shortage may be due to political, climatic, or other socioeconomic forces. Such food-short or famine conditions can be distinguished from food poverty at the household level, in which people go hungry because they lack the resources to acquire food even when the regional food supply is sufficient. Ultimately, even if households have sufficient resources to command and access food, individuals go hungry if distribution rules militate against their getting an adequate share, if cultural rules of consumption prejudice them from consuming an adequate mix of nutrients, or if individuals are ill and unable to ingest, metabolize, or benefit from the nutrients potentially available. This third context, termed food deprivation, includes situations of malnutrition among the so-called vulnerable groups: infants and young children, pregnant an...

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