Growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus in rotating-wall bioreactor under simulated microgravity inhibits rapamycin production

Fang, Aiqi; Pierson, Duane L.; Mishra, Saroj K.; Demain, Arnold L.

doi:10.1007/s002539900303

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In these studies, production of the peptide antibiotics cephalosporin and microcin B17 and the polyketide macrolide rapamycin by Streptomyces clavuligerus, E. coli, and Streptomyces hygroscopicus, respectively, was shown to be inhibited by LSMMG whereas production of gramicidin S by Bacillus brevis was unaffected (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)37). Interestingly, the latter finding with B. brevis indicates that LSMMG does not have a universally negative effect on secondary metabolism and suggests that microbes respond to LSMMG in specific ways.…”

Section: Responses Of Bacteria To Lsmmgmentioning

confidence: 66%

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Nickerson

Ott

Wilson

et al. 2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

322

348

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Microbial adaptation to environmental stimuli is essential for survival. While several of these stimuli have been studied in detail, recent studies have demonstrated an important role for a novel environmental parameter in which microgravity and the low fluid shear dynamics associated with microgravity globally regulate microbial gene expression, physiology, and pathogenesis. In addition to analyzing fundamental questions about microbial responses to spaceflight, these studies have demonstrated important applications for microbial responses to a ground-based, low-shear stress environment similar to that encountered during spaceflight. Moreover, the low-shear growth environment sensed by microbes during microgravity of spaceflight and during ground-based microgravity analogue culture is relevant to those encountered during their natural life cycles on Earth. While no mechanism has been clearly defined to explain how the mechanical force of fluid shear transmits intracellular signals to microbial cells at the molecular level, the fact that cross talk exists between microbial signal transduction systems holds intriguing possibilities that future studies might reveal common mechanotransduction themes between these systems and those used to sense and respond to low-shear stress and changes in gravitation forces. The study of microbial mechanotransduction may identify common conserved mechanisms used by cells to perceive changes in mechanical and/or physical forces, and it has the potential to provide valuable insight for understanding mechanosensing mechanisms in higher organisms. This review summarizes recent and future research trends aimed at understanding the dynamic effects of changes in the mechanical forces that occur in microgravity and other low-shear environments on a wide variety of important microbial parameters

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Section: Responses Of Bacteria To Lsmmgmentioning

confidence: 66%

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Nickerson

Ott

Wilson

et al. 2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

322

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bacterial growth environments characterized by low fluid shear force have been shown to induce a multitude of phenotypic responses, including altered acid, oxidative, thermal, and osmotic stress resistance (7,33,36,41,(52)(53)(54)(55), increased biofilm formation (6,33,52), altered protein secretion (14,15), altered cell surface lipid and polysaccharide profiles (6,7,55), and increased survival in cellular and animal hosts (39,(52)(53)(54). Notably, the virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is increased by low fluid shear growth conditions as measured using murine infection assays and tissue culture models (39,(52)(53)(54).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Salmonella enterica Serovar TyphimuriumydcIGene, Which Encodes a Conserved DNA Binding Protein Required for Full Acid Stress Resistance

et al. 2011

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium possesses a stimulon of genes that are differentially regulated in response to conditions of low fluid shear force that increase bacterial virulence and alter other phenotypes. In this study, we show that a previously uncharacterized member of this stimulon, ydcI or STM1625, encodes a highly conserved DNA binding protein with related homologs present in a range of Gram-negative bacterial genera. Gene expression analysis shows that ydcI is expressed in different bacterial genera and is involved in its autoregulation in S. Typhimurium. We demonstrate that purified YdcI protein specifically binds a DNA probe consisting of its own promoter sequence. We constructed an S. Typhimurium ⌬ydcI mutant strain and show that this strain is more sensitive to both organic and inorganic acid stress than is an isogenic WT strain, and this defect is complemented in trans. Moreover, our data indicate that ydcI is part of the rpoS regulon related to stress resistance. The S. Typhimurium ⌬ydcI mutant was able to invade cultured cells to the same degree as the WT strain, but a strain in which ydcI expression is induced invaded cells at a level 2.8 times higher than that of the WT. In addition, induction of ydcI expression in S. Typhimurium resulted in the formation of a biofilm in stationary-phase cultures. These data indicate the ydcI gene encodes a conserved DNA binding protein involved with aspects of prokaryotic biology related to stress resistance and possibly virulence.Bacterial growth environments characterized by low fluid shear force have been shown to induce a multitude of phenotypic responses, including altered acid, oxidative, thermal, and osmotic stress resistance (7,33,36,41,(52)(53)(54)(55), increased biofilm formation (6, 33, 52), altered protein secretion (14, 15), altered cell surface lipid and polysaccharide profiles (6, 7, 55), and increased survival in cellular and animal hosts (39,(52)(53)(54). Notably, the virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is increased by low fluid shear growth conditions as measured using murine infection assays and tissue culture models (39,(52)(53)(54). Low fluid shear force (defined here as approximately Ͻ0.01 to 0.2 dynes/cm 2 ) is characterized by a lowturbulence, low-agitation environment, as opposed to high fluid shear (defined here as approximately from 5 to Ͼ50 dynes/cm 2 ) where liquid moves with higher velocity over the cellular surface (3-5, 21, 23, 25, 36). Low fluid shear growth environments include spaceflight, ground-based suspension culture models such as the rotating-wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, and the spaces between cellular microvilli, the last of which is encountered by numerous pathogens during the natural course of infection (21,23,25,30,40,41). Previous work has shown that bacteria grown in low fluid shear environments induce a molecular response which includes genome-wide changes in gene expression (the low fluid shear stimulon) (6,7,39,48,52,53,55). Since growth under low fluid shear conditions is able to ind...

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“…It appears that physiological changes initiated by SMG are involved in a pathway that increases the secretion of the recombinant PGUS by E. coli BL21 (DE3), although we do not know the functional reasons for this phenomenon. Fang et al reported secretion of the secondary metabolites such as β-lactam antibiotics cephalosporin, microcin B17, and the polyketide macrolide rapamycin produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, E. coli, and Streptomyces hygroscopicus, respectively, and these substances were inhibited by the environment of SMG [21,22]. But SMG does not have the universal effects on secondary metabolism, for example, the production of gramicidin by Bacillus brevis remained unaffected [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Simulated Microgravity Affects Growth of Escherichia coli and Recombinant β-d-Glucuronidase Production

Xiang

Dai

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on bacteria have been studied in various aspects. However, few reports are available about production of recombinant protein expressed by bacteria in SMG. In this study growth of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells transformed with pET-28a (+)-pgus in double-axis clinostat that could model low shear SMG environment and the recombinant beta-D-glucuronidase (PGUS) expression have been investigated. Results showed that the cell dry weights in SMG were 16.47%, 38.06%, and 28.79% more than normal gravity (NG) control, and the efficiency of the recombinant PGUS expression in SMG were 18.33%, 19.36%, and 33.42% higher than that in NG at 19 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 37 degrees C, respectively (P < 0.05).

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Growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus in rotating-wall bioreactor under simulated microgravity inhibits rapamycin production

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Microbial Responses to Microgravity and Other Low-Shear Environments

Characterization of the Salmonella enterica Serovar TyphimuriumydcIGene, Which Encodes a Conserved DNA Binding Protein Required for Full Acid Stress Resistance

Simulated Microgravity Affects Growth of Escherichia coli and Recombinant β-d-Glucuronidase Production

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