Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Four Intravenous Anesthetics

Sosis, Mitchel B.; Braverman, Berton

doi:10.1213/00000539-199310000-00019

Cited by 68 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Propofol formulated in lipid supports microbial growth [1][2][3][4]. Propofol was introduced in the USA in 1989 for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Diprivan contains 0.005% w ⁄ v EDTA. Several studies have shown that propofol supports the growth of microorganisms when inoculated in vitro; however, there so not appear to be studies comparing the antimicrobial activity of 0.005% w ⁄ v EDTA in propofol with that of other commercially available formulations [1][2][3][4]. In this study, we compared microbial growth in commercially available formulations, and found that propofol with EDTA suppressed the growth of MSSA, .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. , 62, pages 575-580 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propofol formulated in lipid supports microbial growth; thus some propofol formulations contain disodium edetate (EDTA) as an antimicrobial agent [1][2][3][4]. All generic propofol formulations in the United States include antimicrobial agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concentration is effective in retarding microbial growth to less than 1 log colony forming units per millilitre (CFU.ml ) [5]. Several studies have shown that propofol supports the growth of microorganisms when inoculated in vitro; however, there have been no reports comparing the antimicrobial activity of 0.005% w ⁄ v EDTA in propofol with that of other commercially available formulations [1][2][3][4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial growth in propofol formulations with disodium edetate and the influence of venous access system dead space*

Fukada

Ozaki

2007

Anaesthesia

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“…Propofol formulated in lipid supports microbial growth [1][2][3][4]. Propofol was introduced in the USA in 1989 for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microbial growth in propofol formulations with disodium edetate and the influence of venous access system dead space*

Fukada

Ozaki

2007

Anaesthesia

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“…1,5 The absence of preservatives in the propofol preparation may support microbial growth. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Admixture of thiopentone, 15 lidocaine [16][17][18][19] or disodium edetate 20 diminishes microbial growth in propofol, although microbial destruction is not achieved. Because of this risk, the manufacturer's specific recommendations (Fresenius Kabi Pharmaceutical.…”

Section: [Le Maniement D'usage Du Propofol Prévient La Contamination mentioning

confidence: 99%

Le maniement d’usage du propofol prévient la contamination aussi effectivement que la stricte adhésion aux recommandations du fabricant

Lorenz

Kolbitsch

Lass‐Flörl

et al. 2002

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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P Pu ur rp po os se e: : Propofol is a potential vector of infection, because it contains no preservative. Thus, the manufacturer's specific recommendations for preparing injections or infusions go beyond the guidelines commonly used in our operating rooms for preparing other iv drugs. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether in the daily routine of an operating theatre a modified propofol handling technique can prevent contamination as effectively as do the manufacturer's handling recommendations. M Me et th ho od ds s: : A total of 160 consecutive neurosurgical patients were allocated to either Group I (manufacturer's handling recommendations: i.e., 1) disinfecting propofol vials and ampoules before filling syringes; 2) replacing empty syringes; 3) discarding all material at the end of surgery); or Group II (modified propofol handling protocol: i.e., 1) refilling empty syringes; 2) renewing only the infusion line to the patient). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Total contamination rates were comparable in both groups (Group I: 14/160 (8.75%), Group II: 13/160 (8.13%) (P 2 =0.074; P=0.96). Frequency of contamination was not different between groups; either in sample 1 taken at the beginning of the procedure, (Group I: 5/80 (6.25%) vs Group II: 6/80 (7.5%); P 2 =0.098; P=0.76) or in sample 2, taken at the end, (Group I: 9/80 (11.25%) vs Group II: 7/80 (8.75%); P 2 =0.278; P=0.598). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : We conclude that in the daily routine of the operating theatre following a modified propofol handling protocol prevents contamination of propofol syringes as effectively as does adhering to the manufacturer's specific handling recommendations. However, neither of the tested guidelines completely prevented contamination. Groupe I et 13/160 (8,13 %) dans le Groupe II (P 2 = 0,074; P = 0,96). La fréquence de contamination ne diffère pas d'un groupe à l'autre, pour l'échantillon 1 prélevé au début de l'opération (Groupe I : 5/80 (6,25 %) vs Groupe II : 6/80 (7,5 %); P 2 = 0,098; P = 0,76) ou l'échantillon 2 à la fin (Groupe I : 9/80 (11,25 %)vs Groupe II : 7/80 (8,75 %); P 2 = 0,278; P = 0,598 Objectif : Le propofol, ne contenant aucun agent de conservation, est un vecteur potentiel d'infection. C'est pourquoi les recommandations spécifiques du fabricant au sujet de la préparation d'injections ou de perfusions vont au delà des directives habituellement suivies dans nos salles d'opération pour la préparation d'autres médicaments intraveineux. Nous avons voulu déterminer si, en modifiant le maniement du propofol en salle d'opération, nous pouvions prévenir la contamination aussi efficacement qu'en suivant à la lettre les recom

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Directed glia‐assisted angiogenesis in a mature neurosensory structure: Pericytes mediate an adaptive response in human dental pulp that maintains blood‐barrier function

Farahani

Sarrafpour

Simonian

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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The specialized tightly controlled microcirculation of craniofacial neurosensory organs is an essential evolutionary adaptation and yet a dilemma where angiogenic remodeling occurs. Despite extreme plasticity of neurosensory structures, the capacity to reconcile barrier phenotype of the microcirculation with an angiogenic cascade is not known. Here we provide primary evidence for such a response in an elemental neurosensory structure, human dental pulp, following chronic carious insult. In response to hypoxic challenge neurosensory odontoblasts express hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and notch-1. Associated radial rearrangement of astrocyte-like telacytes that communicate through a cell-poor zone with the microvasculature is observed. Activated pericytes characterized by expression of α-smooth muscle actin are located adjacent to the telacyte attachment to the vasculature. In this location, endothelial expression of sonic hedgehog parallels expression of notch-1 by pericytes. The angiogenic response is initiated by pericyte contraction and altered endothelial polarity and proliferation leading to intussusception of endothelial cells and extensive remodeling of basement membrane with upregulation of laminin-8 and laminin-5. These responses guide intravascular loop formation that maintains both intact basement membrane and tight junctions. This initial phase is followed by formation of anastomoses that enhance the hemodynamic capacity of the intravascular loops. The formation of anastomoses is mediated by extension of cytonemes from pericytes guided by MHC-II(+)/CD-163(+) microglia aligned with the telacytes. The cytonemes seek out pericytes on adjacent intravascular loops to initiate migration of endothelial cells. These findings support a new paradigm for understanding angiogenic capacity of neurosensory structures and aberrations of this response manifest as neurovasculopathies.

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Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Four Intravenous Anesthetics

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Microbial growth in propofol formulations with disodium edetate and the influence of venous access system dead space*

Microbial growth in propofol formulations with disodium edetate and the influence of venous access system dead space*

Le maniement d’usage du propofol prévient la contamination aussi effectivement que la stricte adhésion aux recommandations du fabricant

Directed glia‐assisted angiogenesis in a mature neurosensory structure: Pericytes mediate an adaptive response in human dental pulp that maintains blood‐barrier function

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