Growth of spontaneous periodic surface structures on solids during laser illumination

Structure formation on the surface of indium phosphide irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

“…4,6 The interference between the incident linearly polarized light and a surface wave (generated by scattering during the pulse) leads to a periodic modulation of the absorbed light intensity and consequently to a modulated ablation, which enhances the development of the structure via feedback. In analogy to Ref.…”

“…It is generally accepted that this type of wavelength ripple arises from optical interference effects due to the superposition of the incident radiation with a surfaceelectromagnetic wave which is created at the rough surface during the irradiation and which is scattered along the surface. 2,[4][5][6] With respect to the irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses, ripples with spatial periods close to the wavelength have been reported on various absorbing materials such as metals, 7 ceramics, 8,9 and semiconductors. [10][11][12][13] Interestingly, in most of these cases the ripple period is somewhat smaller than the wavelength and their orientation is mostly perpendicular to the electric-field vector.…”

Assessment and Formation Mechanism of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Polymer Spin-Coated Films in Real and Reciprocal Space

“…1 Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) has been observed on the surface of metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics with lasers of different pulse durations from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and different wavelengths from UV to IR. 2À6 In the case of polymers, several studies have shown that irradiation by a polarized laser beam induces self-organized ripple structure formation within a narrow fluence range well below the ablation threshold.…”

Nanosecond pulsed laser induced self-organized nano-dots patterns on GaSb surface

“…The nanostructures using some beam processes such as electron [1,2], ion [3,4], molecular [5][6][7][8][9] and laser [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] was reported by their experimental observations. In particularly, a pulsed laser irradiation has been also achieved surface damage pattern at nanoscale on material surface with a wavelength-dependent periodicity by the interference of laser lights [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In addition, the experimental observations have revealed that nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation induced a self-organization due to the thermal effect [14][15][16].…”