Growth of single crystal with a gradient of concentration of impurities by the Czochralski method using additional liquid charging

Hydrothermal approach and luminescent properties for the synthesis of orthoniobates GdNbO4:Ln3+(Ln = Dy, Eu) single crystals under high-temperature high-pressure conditions

“…[14][15][16] Although LaNbO 4 and NdNbO 4 crystals were reported about three decades ago, 17 bulk crystals of NdNbO 4 , GdNbO 4 and HoNbO 4 were only grown successfully with the Czochralski method at temperatures above 2300 1C at the beginning of the last decade. 18 In 2008, Roof and his co-workers synthesized another two new niobates, LaKNbO 6 and Nd 2 KNbO 6 effectively from molten hydroxides for the first time. 19,20 Generally, there are only a few niobates, especially, lanthanide niobates, synthesized at high temperature under high pressure (HTHP) to date.…”

YAG:Yb crystal with non-linear doping ions distribution as promising active element for high average power laser systems

“…The method of growing gradient-activated crystals has been developed [29]. The technology of obtaining single crystals with controllable non-linear distribution of impurity centers is based on the Czochralski method with additional charging of the melt and involving the process of mono-crystal being pulled from the aperture in the crucible-reactor placed coaxially inside the main crucible.…”

Quantum efficiency of energy transfers in non-uniformly doped crystals of Er, Yb: LiNbO3

“…Previous studies [1][2][3][4] of non-uniformly doped laser crystals, which are being grown with technique developed by authors of this work [5], shows that efficiency of energy transfers can be tuned and increased by varying concentrations of optical centers along the active medium. In this paper we report the impact of non-uniform doping on dynamics of some major energy transfers in crystals of Er, Yb: LiNbO 3 grown with concentration profiles of active ions which are depicted on Figure 1.…”