Growth of Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) in Still Nutrient Medium

Seeni, S.; Gnanam, A.

doi:10.1104/pp.70.3.815

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The procedures pertinent to development of chlorophyllous cell suspension cultures are described earlier (23 (6). The relative distribution of radioactivity in individual compounds of carbon assimilation was also confirmed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic and autoradiographic means.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The procedures pertinent to development of chlorophyllous cell suspension cultures are described earlier (23).…”

Section: Plant Material the Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L Var Tmv-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TMV-3 (23). The cells of this culture possessed well-differentiated photochemical appa-' Supported in part by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, through a fellowship given to S. S. ratus and were particularly devoid of stored starch in the chloroplasts during the late log-phase growth, a situation favoring the transition to photoautotrophy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon Assimilation in Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Grown in Still Nutrient Medium

Seeni

Gnanam²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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The relative transport of photosynthetic and dark carboxylation products in photoheterotrophic cells of Arachis hypogaea L. var. TMV-3 at varied phases of growth were determined. Despite the presence of an equally competent photosynthetic apparatus as determined from "CO2 incorporation rates in the dark and light, pulse-chase experiments revealed little or no change in the radioactivity of the C3 intermediates but rapid disappearance of label from the dark carbon assimilates (malate and other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates) with a simultaneous increase in the aminoacid pool in early log-phase (10 days old) cells. However, significant flow of carbon through the photosynthetic intermediates resulting in the accumulation of sugars occurred in the late log-phase (34 days old) cells. Limitation of exogenous sugar in the nutrient milieu and depletion of reserve carbohydrates stored in starch of the chloroplasts of the cells were considered as the decisive factors in promoting transport of C3 cycle intermediates through the reductive pentose phosphate pathway in photoheterotrophic cells. The observed drain of radioactivity even from the small amounts of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates synthesized during photosynthesis into glutamate indicated that the transport of carbon through the nonautotrophic pathway is not controlled by these factors.The rates and early products of carbon assimilation have been determined for photoheterotrophic tissue and cell cultures of carrot (1 1), tobacco (3, 18, 21), Ruta graveolens (7), Chenopodium rubrum (14), Portulaca oleracea (15), Kalanchoe crenata (17), and Chamaecereus sylvestril (22). However, the relative changes in the transport of the early formed photosynthetic carbon through the reductive pentose phosphate pathway using pulse-chase experiments have not been precisely monitored in these cultures. In the only system analyzed thus far to this effect, little decrease or increase in photosynthetic products was reported (15). This was attributed to the reduced cellular transport and absence of translocation supposedly present in the cultured cells. Yet another important contributing factor was the supply of carbohydrate stored as starch in the chloroplasts of the cultured cells. With a reduced demand for photosynthates due to the availability of sugar in the nutrient medium and plenty of reserve carbohydrate stored in starch, a reduced flow of carbon in the cultured cells was anticipated (15).In a previous paper, we reported the establishment of highly chlorophyllous cell suspension culture from the callus proliferation of leaf explants ofArachis hypogaea L. var. TMV-3 (23). The cells of this culture possessed well-differentiated photochemical appa- ratus and were particularly devoid of stored starch in the chloroplasts during the late log-phase growth, a situation favoring the transition to photoautotrophy. We now report on the nature of the early products of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and their interconversion in such cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pla...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The procedures pertinent to development of chlorophyllous cell suspension cultures are described earlier (23).…”

Section: Plant Material the Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L Var Tmv-3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Assimilation in Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Grown in Still Nutrient Medium

Seeni

Gnanam²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…By comparison, chloroplasts from S25 cells growing in 428 mM NaCl contained fewer and smaller starch grains, were nearly the same size as leukoplasts from SO cells (3.7 t 0.2 pm), and contained numerous electron-dense plastoglobules (Seeni and Gnanam, 1982 …”

Section: Chloroplast Ultrastructure Chl and Starch Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few thylakoids that were present averaged 0.05 t-0.04 pm in diameter and were composed of two to four thylakoids typically positioned around the starch grains (Fig. 1, A and B).By comparison, chloroplasts from S25 cells growing in 428 mM NaCl contained fewer and smaller starch grains, were nearly the same size as leukoplasts from SO cells (3.7 t 0.2 pm), and contained numerous electron-dense plastoglobules (Seeni and Gnanam, 1982 …”

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confidence: 97%

Photosynthesis in Salt-Adapted Heterotrophic Tobacco Cells and Regenerated Plants

et al. 1996

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Tobacco (Nicofiana tabacum L.) cells growing heterotrophically in the light on supplied sucrose (SO) have previously been adapted to grow in 428 mM NaCl (S25). Among the changes occurring in salinity-adapted cell cultures are (a) elevated levels of chlorophyll compared to unadapted cells; (b) decreased levels of starch; (c) alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, including loss of starch grains, increased thylakoid membrane structure, and the presence of plastoglobules; and (d) increased rates of O, evolution, CO, fixation, and photophosphorylation relative to SO cells. These latter changes apparently derive from the fact that thylakoid membranes in S25 cells contain higher levels of photosystem I-and 11-associated proteins as well as thylakoid ATPase components. S25 chloroplasts contain immunologically detectable levels of ribulose-1 ,S-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, whereas SO completely lack the enzyme. These changes taken together suggest that even in the presente of sucrose, S25 cells have acquired a significant degree of salt-tolerant photosynthetic competence. This salt-tolerant photoysynthetic capability manifests itself in plants backcrossed with normal plants for three generations. These plants contain chloroplasts that demonstrate in vitro more salt-tolerant CO, fixation, O, evolution, and photophosphorylation than do backcross progeny of plants regenerated from SO cultures.Numerous cell-suspension culture lines able to grow in the presence of salt-induced osmotic stress have been established (Dix and Street, 1975;Nabors et al., 1975;Tyagi et al., 1981;Kochba et al., 1982; Rangan and Vasil, 1983;Watad et al., 1983;Pandey and Ganapathy, 1984; Binzel et al., 1985;Rains, 1989;Plaut et al., 1991) for the purpose of studying cellular adaptation to salinity stress, and these cell lines have provided much information about salinity tolerance at the cellular level. The tobacco cell line chosen for the present study has been widely studied in this regard. Binzel et al. (1985) established a heterotrophically growing, salt-adapted cell line of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var Wisconsin 38) by gradually adapting cells to increasing concentrations of NaC1. The adapted cell line showed substantially greater growth in salt-containing media than did previously unadapted cells. However, adapted cells growing in salt showed reduced cell expansion and fresh weight gain but equivalent dry weight gain ' This is publication No. 6-955101 of the Alabama Agricultura1 (Binzel et al., 1985;Bressan et al., 1990) when compared to unadapted cells growing without salt.Adaptation of tobacco cells to salt has also been shown to involve the accumulation of a 26-kD, thaumatin-like protein, called osmotin (Ericson and Alfinito, 1984;Singh et al., 1985Singh et al., , 1987; alterations in the cell wall and extracellular polysaccharides (Iraki et al., 1989a(Iraki et al., , 1989b; the accumulation of various osmolytes, including Suc and Pro (Binzel et al., 1987); and the accumulation and partitioning of inorganic ions such as p...

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Photoautotrophic Culture: A Model System to Investigate the Regulation of Gene Expression in Cultured Plant Cells

Sato¹,

Takeda²,

Shigematsu³

et al. 1989

Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plant Cell Cultures II

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Growth of Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Still Nutrient Medium

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Carbon Assimilation in Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Grown in Still Nutrient Medium

Carbon Assimilation in Photoheterotrophic Cells of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Grown in Still Nutrient Medium

Photosynthesis in Salt-Adapted Heterotrophic Tobacco Cells and Regenerated Plants

Photoautotrophic Culture: A Model System to Investigate the Regulation of Gene Expression in Cultured Plant Cells

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