Growth of lithium triborate crystals. II. Experimental results

Borate Materials in Nonlinear Optics

“…To reduce melt viscosity, fluxes such as LiF and MoO 3 have also been applied, but offered no significant improvement in crystal quality. [70,71] Similar to growth experiments with B 2 O 3 flux they show that special care is needed during cooling of the crystals, because LiB 3 O 5 is very sensitive to thermal inhomogeneity and cracks very easily due to internal stress.…”

Crystal Structure of Thallium Triborate, TIB3O5

“…This description was used in the study of the lattice vibrational spectra of LiB O (14) and also in the determination of the second harmonic generator coefficient of the borate group by Xia et al (1). We can observe that TlB O is a good candidate for use as a nonlinear optical material; it melts congruently at moderate temperature (627°C)-lower than CsB O (842°C) (15) -while LiB O melts incongruently and presents many problems in its crystal growth (16)(17)(18)(19). With TlB O , the Czochralski procedure could easily be used to obtain suitable single crystals.…”

Large LBO crystal growth at 2kg-level

“…Fourth, the viscosity of the solution should be as low as possible. The previous results indicated that MoO 3 flux was better than the self-flux B 2 O 3 [10][11][12][13][14]. For large size LBO crystal growth, viscosity is a key factor.…”

“…In 1996, the phase diagram for the LBO-MoO 3 system was shown by C. Parfeniuk et al and the viscosity of the solution was measured [10,11]. Then in 1999, the Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -MoO 3 ternary system was investigated by N.A.…”

“…According to the previous reports [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In 2008, an LBO crystal with the weight of 1596 g was obtained. In this study, a suitable region in the Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -MoO 3 system for bulk LBO crystal growth was determined by the viscosity measurement and its influence on the crystal growth.…”