Growth of large-scale nanotwinned Cu nanowire arrays from anodic aluminum oxide membrane by electrochemical deposition process: controllable nanotwin density and growth orientation with enhanced electrical endurance performance

Abstract

Densely nanotwinned Cu nanowire (NW) arrays with an identical diameter of ∼55 nm were fabricated by pulse electrochemical deposition at low temperature using anodic aluminum oxide as a template. Different growth orientations of nanotwinned Cu nanowire arrays were investigated. The endurance of the electrical current density before breakdown of the nanotwinned Cu NWs can reach up to 2.4 × 10(8) A cm(-2). The formation of highly dense nanotwins is attributed to relaxation of coalescence induced stress and twin fault stacking when Cu NWs grow by two-dimensional kinetics. A mechanism based on the twinning structure effect on the electromigration was proposed to explain the improved electrical endurance of Cu. The result demonstrates that the formation of nanotwins into Cu NWs can effectively suppress the void growth, leading to extended life time for use in electronic devices.

Twin-mediated epitaxial growth of highly lattice-mismatched Cu/Ag core–shell nanowires

“…were fabricated from a 0.127 mm-thick Al foil (99.9995%, Strem Chemicals) by a two-step anodization process. 1,2 The Al foil was cleaned with acetone (95%, Echo Chemical), isopropyl alcohol (95%, Echo Chemical) and deionized water, and then electropolished in a 1:4 (volume ratio) mixture of HClO 4 (70%, Sigma-Aldrich) and C 2 H 5 OH (99.5%, Echo Chemical) for 20 s at a voltage of 40 V. The first anodization process was conducted in a 0.3 M oxalic acid (99.5%, Showa Kako) at 10 ℃ for 30 min under a constant applied voltage of 40 V. The oxide film was then removed by dipping the foil in a solution of 6 wt.% H 3 PO 4 (70%, J.T. Baker Chemicals) and…”

The influence of the morphological characteristics of nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) structures on capacitive touch sensor performance: a biological application

“…AAOs nd many high-tech applications in nanostructures and devices. Among different research areas, the use of AAO in one-dimensional nanostructures is noteworthy, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as tubular membranes for hemodialysis, 12,13 membranes for gas separation, drug delivery and bone xation [14][15][16][17] energy storage devices, among others. [18][19][20][21] Recent work by several authors 12,14 prove that nanostructured functional layers of signicantly enlarged surface areas for sensor applications can be made from thin porous alumina lms.…”

In situ observation of nanotwins formation through twin terrace growth in pulse electrodeposited Cu films

“…found periodical stress increasing and relaxation during the formation of nt-Cu in electroplating of Cu film, and a conjecture of recrystallization model was proposed 26 . Liao claimed that the relaxation of coalescence induced stress is responsible for the formation of a high density of TBs 27 . However, no distinct evidence of twins formation process is detected in their studies, and the nucleation and growth behavior of nanoscale twins in the pulse electrodeposited copper film is yet not fully understood.…”