Growth of Crithidia at High Temperature: Crithidia hutneri sp. n. and Crithidia luciliae thermophila s. sp. n.*

Roitman, Isaac; Mundim, Maria Hermelinda; Azevedo, Helio Peixoto de; Kitajima, Elliot Watanabe

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb01013.x

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Newton (1976) has already shown the similarities between C. fasciculata and C. luciliae by RNA/DNA hybridization; and he showed that the former diered considerably from C. oncopelti. Our results also con®rm that it is untenable to consider C. luciliae termophila as a subspecies of C. luciliae, as initially proposed by Roitman et al (1977), because they cluster separately under dierent analyses (GoncË alves de Lima et al 1982;Teixeira et al 1995;Clark 1997;Fernandes et al 1997;Pires et al 1997). Hollar et al (1998), studying the phylogenetic relationships within the Trypanosomatidae family based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, concluded that the Crithidia genus is an arti®cial taxon and that the symbiont-bearing species form a separate clade.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

The heterogeneity of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids as analyzed by their kDNA minicircle size: taxonomic implications

Brandão

Miranda

Degrave

et al. 2000

Parasitology Research

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The kDNA minicircle size was analyzed in 15 species of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids and four main groups of species were identified: (1) "Crithidia" deanei, "C." desouzai and "Herpetomonas" roitmani, which presented the largest molecules (> or = 3,800 bp), (2) "C." oncopelti with minicircles of at least four different sizes within 1,300-2,650 bp, (3) C. fasciculata, C. guilhermei and C. luciliae, having at least two sizes of minicircle (2,650 bp and 3,000 bp) and (4) a heterogeneous group of species presenting minicircles of a single size, including several Crithidia spp. (having 1,600 bp or 1,700 bp minicircles) and two Proteomonas spp. presenting the smallest minicircles (about 1,500 bp). These results were compared with other observations and discussed from a taxonomic point of view.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

The heterogeneity of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids as analyzed by their kDNA minicircle size: taxonomic implications

Brandão

Miranda

Degrave

et al. 2000

Parasitology Research

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“…This confirms previous observation of increased consumption of carbohydrates by C . thermophila under these conditions (Table 1 in [38]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be viewed as a pre-adaptation to the dixenous life cycle–a trypanosomatid flagellate must be able to survive in the aggressive environment of the warm-blooded host [13]. One of such trypanosomatids, Crithidia luciliae thermophila Roitman et al, 1977 was isolated from a reduviid bug Zelus leucogrammus in Brazil [38]. It was proposed as a subspecies of C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular mechanisms of thermal resistance of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia thermophila

et al. 2017

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In the present work, we investigated molecular mechanisms governing thermal resistance of a monoxenous trypanosomatid Crithidia luciliae thermophila, which we reclassified as a separate species C. thermophila. We analyzed morphology, growth kinetics, and transcriptomic profiles of flagellates cultivated at low (23°C) and elevated (34°C) temperature. When maintained at high temperature, they grew significantly faster, became shorter, with genes involved in sugar metabolism and mitochondrial stress protection significantly upregulated. Comparison with another thermoresistant monoxenous trypanosomatid, Leptomonas seymouri, revealed dramatic differences in transcription profiles of the two species with only few genes showing the same expression pattern. This disparity illustrates differences in the biology of these two parasites and distinct mechanisms of their thermotolerance, a prerequisite for living in warm-blooded vertebrates.

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“…Estes tripanossomatídeos possuem uma distribuição cosmopolita (Langridge, McGhee 1967;Lipa, Triggiani 1988;Schmid-Hempel et al, 2010;. Portanto, V7V8 SSUrRNA é muito conservado em todas as espécies da subfamília Leishmaniinae, como já era conhecido quando da designação do grupo como "Slowly Evolving" (Roitman 1972(Roitman , 1977.…”

Section: Clado Mellificaeunclassified

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

Espinosa¹

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The Leishmaniinae subfamily trypanosomatids include parasites exclusively found in insects, and classified as Crithidia and Leptomonas, and species evolving in vertebrate and insects of genera Endotrypanum and Leishmania. Phylogenetic analysis positioned Crithidia and Leptomonas species in several clades corroborating their polyphyly. In addition, the genus Endotrypanum of trypanosomatids from sloths and sand flies has been questioned due to its relationships with some "enigmatic", Neotropical species of Leishmania (mostly of wildlife). Therefore, Crithidia, Leptomonas and Endotrypanum need to be revised taxonomically. Aiming to understand the phylogenetic relationships of taxons within Leishmaniinae the main goals of this study were: a) to characterize a large number of Leishmaniinae isolates; b) to evaluate the suitability of different molecular markers to assess the relationships among species separated by small genetic distances. With these purposes, large sampling of trypanosomatids from insects (Hemiptera and Diptera) and wild vertebrates from Central America (CA), South America (SA) and Africa (AF) was analyzed by V7V8 SSUrRNA barcoding. All samples assigned to Leishmaniinae were selected for phylogenetic inferences based on SSUrRNA, gGAPDH, CATB, HSP70 and ITS1rDNA, including other sequences available in databanks. Phylogeny of SSUrRNA revealed several groups despite high degrees of sequence conservation inter-and intra-group. In contrast, gGAPDH and CATB gene analyses allowed the positioning of Leishmaniinae species in well-supported clades, with two major clades being evidenced in all analyses: 1) one clade comprised exclusively trypanosomatids of insects distributed in 7 subclades, each corresponding to one genus, including Crithidia, Leptomonas, Legeria (proposed in this work), and four unnamed additional genera. The species within these genera were widespread in a range of insects: Crithidia harbored parasites of flies, mosquitoes and hemipterans from SA and NA (North America); Legeria isolates of flies and hemipterans from AF, CA and SA; and Leptomonas only isolates of hemipterans from AF, CA and SA. 2) The proposed new genus Legeria was closest to the second major clade. The latter harbored Leishmania/Endotrypanum and the basal Costarricensis group comprised by equatorial parasites from hemipteran predators and sand flies, thus supporting the origin of Leishmania from a Neotropical insect trypanosomatid. Diverse isolates of lyzards, including new species from AF (Mozambique), were all nested into the subgenera L. (Sauroleishmania), which was positioned with strong support closer to the subgenus L. (Leishmania) than to Viannia, then supporting that lizard leishmanias diverged in the Old World. The three subgenera were separated from another clade formed by Neotropical isolates of sandflies, sloths and humans classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, with L. deanei/L.hertigi of porcupines as basal species. The comprehensive analysis performed in this study regarding the number and diversity of isola...

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Growth of Crithidia at High Temperature: Crithidia hutneri sp. n. and Crithidia luciliae thermophila s. sp. n.*

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

The heterogeneity of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids as analyzed by their kDNA minicircle size: taxonomic implications

The heterogeneity of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids as analyzed by their kDNA minicircle size: taxonomic implications

Molecular mechanisms of thermal resistance of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia thermophila

Diversidade, taxonomia e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos da subfamilia Leishmaniinae.

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