Growth of early and late maturers

Gasser, Théo; Sheehy, Anne; Molinari, Luciano; Largo, R. H.

doi:10.1080/030144601300119133

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Studies of secular change in height suggest that most increases in adult height over time within populations are accounted for by changes in growth during the first 4-6 years of life (Hauspie et al, 1996;Stinson, 2000). Longitudinal growth studies further suggest that differences in the timing and intensity of growth of legs and trunk (Gasser et al, 2001) make the former potentially more vulnerable to physiological stressors early in life. Evidence from two largescale studies buttress this inference by demonstrating that socioeconomic variation is statistically significantly associated with children's leg length, but not sitting height (Frisancho et al, 2001;Gunnell et al, 1998a).…”

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confidence: 96%

Focused life history data and linear enamel hypoplasia to help explain intergenerational variation in relative leg length within Taiwanese families

Floyd

2007

American J Hum Biol

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This study first examines the hypothesis that significant intergeneration increases in stature within 85 Taiwanese families in two study locations were primarily the result of increases in subischial leg length. It then evaluates a second hypothesis that independent assessments of the extent of intergenerational change in childhood environments within these families helped account for parent-offspring differences in relative leg length. Childhood environments were assessed using two criteria: developmental environment scores derived from life history data and evidence of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH). Relative leg length was represented in two ways, as either the difference between internally estimated sex-specific z-scores of sitting height and subischial leg length (z(D) = z(SH) - z(LL)) or as relative sitting height (RSH; sitting height/height x 100). Paired Student t tests indicated intergenerational increases in relative leg length were significantly greater than zero in both study locations (P < or = 0.012). The second hypothesis, tested using a hierarchical model with maximum likelihood estimation that allowed for nesting of more than one offspring per family, received support as midparent-offspring differences in composite scores were significantly positively associated with midparent-offspring differences in relative leg length. This was true alone (P = 0.018), and when significant associations with LEH prevalence among mothers and offspring were statistically controlled for (P = 0.010). Evidence also indicated that while the large majority of offspring were taller than their midparental average height (84.3%; 91/108), offspring who were taller were also more likely to have relatively longer legs than by chance alone (Fishers exact, P = 0.027).

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confidence: 96%

Focused life history data and linear enamel hypoplasia to help explain intergenerational variation in relative leg length within Taiwanese families

Floyd

2007

American J Hum Biol

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“…Up to 25% of total adult height is achieved from growth during puberty [3], but the amplitude and peak velocity of the pubertal growth spurt is not fixed and varies with age at onset of puberty [4]. GH secretion normally rises 2- to 4-fold during the pubertal growth spurt, and maximum GH secretion coincides with peak pubertal height velocity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy before and during Puberty: Should We Increase the Dose?

Howard

Butler

2013

Horm Res Paediatr

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Aim: To investigate the influence of growth hormone (GH) on linear growth before and during puberty in children with GH deficiency. Methods: We analysed the relationship between pubertal growth and GH dose in a large dataset of children (n = 236) with GH deficiency using multiple linear regression and multilevel modelling with repeated measures analysis. Additionally, we examined the cost benefit of increasing doses of GH during puberty. Results: Multilevel modelling revealed a highly significant role for GH dose in the pre-pubertal period (p < 0.001), but a non-significant effect on height gain after pubertal onset (p = 0.32). Important predictors of height gain after puberty onset included gender, age at puberty and number of injections of GH/week. Cost analysis showed that in an average child use of high dose GH, at an extra EUR 5,925 (GBP 4,753/USD 7,538)/year, would produce a height gain of 0.80 cm/year (above baseline growth) pre-pubertally, compared to only 0.20 cm/year post-puberty onset. Conclusions: The influence of GH dose on height gain after puberty onset is at best a modest one. Cost analysis shows use of high doses of GH post-puberty onset has significant cost implications without providing a worthwhile gain in adult height for children with GH deficiency.

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“…Some investigations of the relationship between maturation timing and body proportions support Schooling et al's idea, whereas others do not. Gasser et al (2001) found that early maturing girls, but not boys, had relatively shorter legs as adults, and Onland-Moret et al (2005) found that women with an earlier age of menarche were shorter and had relatively shorter legs. On the other hand, Frisancho and Hough (1988) reported no differences in relative sitting height between early and late maturing adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutritional, developmental, and genetic influences on relative sitting height at high altitude

Stinson

2009

American J Hum Biol

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The study explores how nutritional status, developmental exposure to high-altitude hypoxia, and genetic ancestry influence relative sitting height in two groups of high-altitude Bolivian children aged 8 through 13 years of age: 253 rural Aymara children of very low socioeconomic status and 273 children of upper socioeconomic status from the capital city of La Paz. The rural Aymara children on average have longer trunks relative to stature, but there is also overlap in body proportions between the two groups of children. The 20% of each sample in the region of overlap was examined to investigate influences on relative sitting height. Nutritional effects on relative sitting height are suggested by the finding that Aymara children with relatively long legs are taller, heavier, and fatter than other Aymara children. Developmental and genetic influences on relative sitting height are suggested by the finding that high relative sitting heights in elite urban children are associated with a greater percentage of time lived at high altitude and with parents born in Bolivia. Separating developmental and ancestry effects is difficult because the two are closely interconnected in the urban children. The results of this study suggest that influences on growth in relative trunk and leg length are similar to those that affect other aspects of growth in Andean populations. They also highlight the fact that because relative sitting height gradually decreases prior to adolescence and then increases, the interpretation of variation in body proportions in children is not always straightforward.

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Growth of early and late maturers

Abstract: There is an inherent pacemaker for growth that leads to the same adult size for a shorter growth period via a higher basic intensity. Legs are an exception since late maturers have, on average, longer legs as adults.

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Focused life history data and linear enamel hypoplasia to help explain intergenerational variation in relative leg length within Taiwanese families

Focused life history data and linear enamel hypoplasia to help explain intergenerational variation in relative leg length within Taiwanese families

An Analysis of the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy before and during Puberty: Should We Increase the Dose?

Nutritional, developmental, and genetic influences on relative sitting height at high altitude

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