Growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibers using the combustion flame oxy-acetylene method

Oulanti, Hanae; Laurent, Fabrice; Le-Huu, Thang; Durand, Bernard; Donnet, Jean‐Baptiste

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.041

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…By SEM characterization (Figure S6, Supporting Information), the growth of CNTs@CFs can be divided into four steps: (1) CNT nucleation and codeposition of amorphous carbon, (2) growth of amorphous‐carbon‐wrapped CNTs (transition layer), (3) growth of clean CNTs on the transitional layer, and (4) successive stacking of CNTs to form millimeter‐thick layers. The deposition of amorphous carbon in the first and second steps is due to the influence of the CF substrate at the beginning stage, as also observed in previous hybrid CNT–CF fibers . This transitional layer in which the CNTs are partially buried by amorphous carbon can firmly fix the CNT sponge layer on the CF substrate (as illustrated in Figure d).…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Here, from a macroscopic view, a unique feature of our CVD process is that the CNTs deposit around the fiber surface uniformly, yielding a very thick layer covering the CF. The thickness of our CNT layer is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than most of reported hybrid fibers …”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Considering the hybrid CNT‐grafted CFs' configuration, the thickness and structure of the CNT layer and the interfacial adhesion between CNTs and CFs are two important factors that dominate the material properties and influence the application areas to be explored. Currently, many methods such as solution impregnation, chemical grafting, electrophoretic deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been developed to fabricate CNT‐grafted CF structures . Among these methods, the CVD process is most widely used, which directly grows a layer of CNTs on the CF surface; however, it typically yields short and random CNTs with layer thicknesses of a few to 20 µm .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Zou

Zhao

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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Carbon fiber (CF) grafted with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) plays an important role in composite materials and other fields; to date, the applications of CNTs@CF multiscale fibers are severely hindered by the limited amount of CNTs grafted on individual CFs and the weak interfacial binding force. Here, monolithic CNTs@CF fibers consisting of a 3D highly porous CNT sponge layer with macroscopic-thickness (up to several millimeters), which is directly grown on a single CF, are fabricated. Mechanical tests reveal high sponge-CF interfacial strength owing to the presence of a thin transitional layer, which completely inhibits the CF slippage from the matrix upon fracture in CNTs@CF fiber-epoxy composites. The porous conductive CNTs@CF hybrid fibers also act as a template for introducing active materials (pseudopolymers and oxides), and a solid-state fiber-shaped supercapacitor and a fiber-type lithium-ion battery with high performances are demonstrated. These CNTs@CF fibers with macroscopic CNT layer thickness have many potential applications in areas such as hierarchically reinforced composites and flexible energy-storage textiles.

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confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Zou

Zhao

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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“…Flame synthesis is a continuous-flow, readily scale-able method with the potential for considerably lower cost production of carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers than is available from other synthesis methods. A newly reported synthesis method with greater scalable potential, specifically combustion or flame synthesis, has recently emerged and is gaining significant momentum [35][36][37][38][39][40]. This synthesis method is a continuous process resulting in lower cost and possesses the potential for high volume production of carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers.…”

Section: Flame As a Synthesis Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Chen¹

2017

AJMSP

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Significant progress has been made not only in improving the yields of carbon nanotubes, but also in gaining a profound fundamental understanding of the growth processes. Flames are emerging as a powerful tool for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. The flame volume provides a carbon-rich chemically reactive environment capable of generating nanostructures during short residence times in a continuous single-step process. The present work provides a concise review of the advances made over the past two decades in the areas of flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. An overview of existing flame methods to synthesize carbon nanotubes is first provided. Various catalytic materials, fuel types, and flame configurations have been employed in an attempt to achieve controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. Diffusion and premixed flames in counter-flow and co-flow geometries are also discussed. Various hydrocarbon fuels, oxygen enrichment, and dilution with inert gases are then examined in detail. The ability to synthesize and control carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers is essential for the fabrication of nanomechanical and electrical devices. A fundamental understanding of the growth mechanism and development of control methods is critically important to address these issues. The purpose of the present review is to clarify the growth mechanisms and achieve controlled flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.

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“…Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely studied by many researchers. MWCNTs can be synthesized by different methods such as arc discharge [1][2][3][4][5], laser ablation [6,7], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and flame method [16][17][18][19]. Most of these processes have been generally prepared in vacuum or with process gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of MWCNTs on Flexible Stainless Steels without Additional Catalysts

Pakdee

Chiangga

Suwannatus

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized on austenitic stainless steel foils (Type 304) using a home-built thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen (H2) and acetylene (C2H2). During the growth, the stainless steel substrates were heated at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900°C. It was found that MWCNTs were grown on the stainless steel substrates heated at 600, 700, and 800°C while amorphous carbon film was grown at 900°C. The diameters of MWCNTs, as identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images together with ImageJ software program, were found to be 67.7, 43.0, and 33.1 nm, respectively. The crystallinity of MWCNTs was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer. The number of graphitic walled layers and the inner diameter of MWCNTs were investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The occurrence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles associated with carbon element can be used to reveal the behavior of Fe in stainless steel as catalyst. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the growth and quality of MWCNTs. The results obtained in this work showed that the optimum heated stainless steel substrate temperature for the growth of effective MWCNTs is 700°C. Chemical states of MWCNTs were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using synchrotron light.

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Growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibers using the combustion flame oxy-acetylene method

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Recent Advances in the Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Growth of MWCNTs on Flexible Stainless Steels without Additional Catalysts

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