Growth of carbon nanotube forests between a bi-metallic catalyst layer and a SiO2 substrate to form a self-assembled carbon–metal heterostructure

Hermann, Sascha; Schulze, Steffen; Ecke, Ramona; Liebig, Andreas; Schaefer, Philipp; Zahn, Dietrich R. T.; Albrecht, Manfred; Hietschold, Michael; Schulz, Stefan; Geßner, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.034

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There are several reports describing carbon nanotube growth under space confinement in different experimental conditions. [25][26][27][28][29] In these studies nanotube growth and carbon deposition occurred in narrow gap between two surfaces with various catalytic properties. It was observed that carbon nanotubes grew only underneath the catalyst layer resembling the situation shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. 25,27,29 Such a behavior and the increased rate of carbon formation in narrow gap were purely explained by the difference of catalyst state on top and underneath the catalyst layer (catalyst particle size, catalyst composition, catalyst oxidation) resulted from procedures of catalyst preparation. 27 In another work under different experimental conditions the explanation of CNT growth between two surfaces assumes a directed transport of carbon atoms released on the top side of catalyst to its reversed side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 In another work under different experimental conditions the explanation of CNT growth between two surfaces assumes a directed transport of carbon atoms released on the top side of catalyst to its reversed side. 29 It was proposed also that predeposited catalyst films may not act as real catalyst but provide a secondary role in promoting the nucleation and the growth of nanotubes from underneath the films. 25 In the light of present study this role lies in prolonged residence time of carbon-bearing species in thin gaps leading to formation of active coke-prone intermediates including radicals generated by catalytic surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Kukovitsky

L’vov

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Experimental study of carbon deposition and carbon nanotube growth between stacked metallic substrates was conducted. The batch chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor was used with polyethylene as the carbon precursor. Increased carbon deposition was established on surfaces between stacked nickel substrates as compared to surfaces facing to open spaces. In general case carbon films deposited between substrates were not uniform giving rise to complicated profiles. The simple diffusion-reaction scheme gives carbon film thickness profiles closely resembling those experimentally observed. This similarity is considered as evidence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction sequences proceeding in narrow gap between catalytically active surfaces. Increased carbon nanotube growth was believed to occur as a result of the involvement of hydrocarbon radicals generated by the catalyst surface with subsequent release into the gas phase. Radicals accelerate gas-phase reactions providing reactive intermediates. Ultimately catalytic gas phase activation in the confined space promotes increased carbon formation. An explanation of the experimental results is proposed and a practical application was demonstrated.Carbon films and layers on supporting substrates are perspective components for an increasing number of potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the preferred method to produce carbon films on substrates. For carbon materials obtained by CVD process carbon species and their properties are determined by the interacting influences of hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics, which in turn depend on the reactor type, process conditions (chemical precursor, temperature, temperature gradients, pressure), surface catalytic properties and may be affected also by extrinsic factors as gas or surface impurities, surface configuration and surface morphology. The vast majority of experimental works to produce carbon films or layers has been made using the crystalline silicon as a substrate. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are frequently being synthesized on silicon with coated catalyst (Ni, Fe, Co and alloys). This is commonly justified by the need for compatibility with technologies of modern microelectronics. There exist, however, many applications for which the use of metallic substrates is preferable to other materials or essential for device performance. The considerable effort has been devoted to the synthesis of CVD diamond films on metal substrates at low temperatures and pressures. 1-3 Such films have great potential for applications in microelectronic devices, as tools, heat sinks, hard coatings, corrosion and wear resistant surfaces. CVD techniques for producing diamond films require a means of activating gas-phase carbon-containing precursor molecules. Thermal or plasma activation procedures generate hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals which participate in surface chemical reactions resulting in film growth. In fact, the same procedures are now widely used in nanotube CVD processes to low synthesis temperature...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Kukovitsky

L’vov

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…As a result, extensive research is underway to develop low-cost, high-efficiency electrocatalysts with remarkable activity equivalent to precious electrocatalysts. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] For the synthesis of hydrogen and oxygen, a variety of efficient electrocatalysts have been researched, including metal complexes, 38 metal-free electrocatalyst, 39 amine-functionalized electrocatalyst, 40 metal alloys, 41 hybrid nano bio-catalysts, 42 heteroatomdoped metals, 43 carbon-metal heterostructures, 44 and metal phosphides. 45 As a result, different ways of finetuning electrocatalysts for OER activities have been investigated for the production of greater surface area and earth-abundant nanostructures due to their numerous strategies and increased quantity of catalytically active sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnTe nanomaterial decorated over graphene nanosheet for robust OER activity

Manzoor

Nisa

Abid

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting has fascinated great attention because of its eco-friendly nature and will be used as a renewable energy resource for the next decade. Despite marvelous efforts, we report the novel GO/SnTe nanocomposite fabricated via a simple chemical reduction approach for electrocatalytic water splitting. All the synthesized electrocatalysts are analyzed via different techniques. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of fabricated electrode material employed on fluorine-doped tin oxide was investigated with linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical active surface area to analyze the kinetics mechanism, active sites, and stability of the material using 1.0 M potassium hydroxide. The electrochemical result of the nanocomposite indicates a remarkable overpotential of 226 mV at 10 mA cm À2 current density with a Tafel slope of 53 mV dec À1 . Also, the nanocomposite has a 1.55 V lower onset potential vs reversible hydrogen electrode, and high stability of 180 hours. All these characteristics suggest that the electrocatalyst has potential for the oxidation reaction.

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Stenzel

2014

Optical Coatings

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Growth of carbon nanotube forests between a bi-metallic catalyst layer and a SiO2 substrate to form a self-assembled carbon–metal heterostructure

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

SnTe nanomaterial decorated over graphene nanosheet for robust OER activity

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