Lactobacillus apis sp. nov., from the stomach of honeybees (Apis mellifera), having an in vitro inhibitory effect on the causative agents of American and European foulbrood At the present time, the bacterial genus Lactobacillus comprises more than 100 species and subspecies (Hammes & Hertel, 2009) and represents a large group of Grampositive bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes. Lactobacilli are well known as the main representatives of the lactic acid bacteria that occur in various carbohydrate-rich environments such as plant-derived materials, products of the dairy industry, the reproductive tract of women and the digestive tracts of mammals and insects (Hammes & Hertel, 2009;Forsgren et al., 2010). Lactobacilli are important members of healthy gastrointestinal tracts of animals, and some of them are used frequently as probiotics because of their beneficial influences on mammalian and human health (Zubillaga et al., 2001).It is supposed that lactobacilli, other lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria have a beneficial effect on honeybee health. For this reason, attempts to describe the occurrence of these bacteria in the digestive tract of these important pollinators have increased in recent years (Olofsson & Vásquez, 2008). Novel species of lactobacilli have been detected from the digestive tract of Apis mellifera and ApisThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA, atpA, hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf gene sequences of strain R4B T are KF386017, JQ363701, JQ363676, JQ363685, JQ363694 and JQ363711, respectively. The accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain R4C is KF386018.