Growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with different haemoglobin subtypes when kept near their temperature preferenda

Jordan, Anders D.; Lampe, Johanna; Grisdale‐Helland, Barbara; Helland, Ståle J.; Shearer, Karl D.; Steffensen, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.015

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The phosphorus digestibility in the cod was over 66%, corroborating the results found by Refstie et al. (2006) and Jordan et al. (2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…(2006) found that cod fed diets containing 530 g kg −1 protein and growing from 200 to 500 g retained 32–38% of the consumed N. Refstie et al. (2006) reported that cod fed a fishmeal‐based diet with 520 g kg −1 protein and 190 g kg −1 lipid and growing from 0.5 to 1 kg or 1.8 to 2.6 kg retained 41% of the consumed and 47% of the digested N. Jordan et al. (2006) found that the N retention of cod growing from about 200 to 300 g was 46% when they were raised at 6 °C, but only 34% when they were held at 14 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirements of several elements have been determined for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (Lall 2002), whereas little information is available about element utilization in cod. Recently, Jordan et al. (2006) and Refstie et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and nutrient utilization of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout fed diets differing in energy content

Shearer

Helland

2007

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The growth and feed utilization of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (437 g), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (485 g) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (413 g) fed a diet (170 g kg )1 fat, 600 g kg )1 crude protein; LE) similar to that used in commercial cod production or one that was top dressed with additional fat (280 g kg )1 fat, 530 g kg )1 crude protein; HE), were compared in an 11-week trial. In the cod, relative feed intake was 41-58% and thermal growth coefficient 63% of that in the salmonids, but the feed efficiency ratio (FER) was 38% better (P £ 0.05). In contrast to the cod where there was no effect of diet on feed intake, growth or FER, both the salmon and trout fed the HE diet had greater feed intake than those fed the LE diet, but the effect of this was only positive for growth in the salmon. The cod retained more of the digested nitrogen (44.9 ± 2.7%) than the salmon (39.4 ± 0.8%), and both of these species retained more than the trout (33.6 ± 1.1%) (P £ 0.05). The retention of digested energy was significantly higher in the salmon (52.2 ± 0.9%) than in the trout (44.8 ± 1.1%), with the cod (44.9 ± 4.9%) not different from either of the other species. There were no differences between the species in the retention of absorbed phosphorus (65.9 ± 3.6%). There were very few dietary effects on nutrient utilization in this trial and, for the cod, this indicates that higher energy diets may be feasible for use in production. KEY WORDS

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“…The phosphorus digestibility in the cod was over 66%, corroborating the results found by Refstie et al. (2006) and Jordan et al. (2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and nutrient utilization of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout fed diets differing in energy content

Shearer

Helland

2007

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…In addition, we examined whether the hypoxia tolerance of the three Hb genotypes differed. This latter experiment was performed because HbI-related differences in Hb oxygen binding characteristics may be important at reduced water oxygen levels (Jordan et al 2006), and many areas where cod populations have traditionally thrived have become chronically hypoxic (i.e., water O 2 levels !60% air saturation; D'Amours 1993; Gilbert et al 1997Gilbert et al , 2005Neuenfeldt 2002;Chabot and Claireaux 2008).…”

Section: Response Of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) To Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Genotype Has Minimal Influence on the Physiological Response of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) to Environmental Challenges

Gamperl¹,

Busby²,

Hori³

et al. 2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Hemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism in cod is associated with temperature-related differences in biogeographical distribution, and several authors have suggested that functional characteristics of the various hemoglobin isoforms (HbIs) directly influence phenotypic traits such as growth rate. However, no study has directly examined whether Hb genotype translates into physiological differences at the whole animal level. Thus, we generated a family of juvenile Atlantic cod consisting of all three main Hb genotypes (HbI-1/1, HbI-2/2, and HbI-1/2) by crossing a single pair of heterozygous parents, and we compared their metabolic and cortisol responses to an acute thermal challenge (10 degrees C to their critical thermal maximum [CTM] or 22 degrees C, respectively) and tolerance of graded hypoxia. There were no differences in routine metabolism (at 10 degrees C), maximum metabolic rate, metabolic scope, CTM (overall mean 22.9 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees), or resting and poststress plasma cortisol levels among Hb genotypes. Further, although the HbI-1/1 fish grew more (by 15%-30% during the first 9 mo) when reared at 10 degrees +/- 1 degrees C and had a slightly enhanced hypoxia tolerance at 10 degrees C (e.g., the critical O(2) levels for HbI-1/1, HbI-2/2, and HbI-1/2 cod were 35.56% +/- 1.24% , 40.56% +/- 1.99%, and 40.20% +/- 1.19% air saturation, respectively), these results are contradictory to expectations based on HbI functional properties. Thus, our findings (1) do not support previous assumptions that growth rate differences among cod Hb genotypes result from a more efficient use of the oxygen supply-that is, reduced standard metabolic rates and/or increased metabolic capacity-and (2) suggest that in juvenile cod, there is no selective advantage to having a particular Hb genotype with regards to the capacity to withstand ecologically relevant environmental challenges.

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“…However, Imsland et al (2004) reported that HbI-2/2 displayed the overall highest growth rate at 13-16°C, while the HbI-1/1 cod grew fastest at the lowest temperature of 7°C , thus contrasting with the different oxygen binding properties at high and low temperatures. HbI-2/2 was also found to possess enhanced competitiveness, feed efficiency and energy retention compared to HbI-1/1 (Salvanes and Hart, 2000; Jordan et al, 2006). Gamperl et al (2009) found no differences in growth between the three genotypes after the juvenile stage of PIT tagging, while HbI-1/1 cod displayed highest growth rates after hatching but showed significantly lower survival than HbI-1/ 2 and HbI-2/2 fish at the early stages.…”

Section: Cod Hemoglobin Genotypes and Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Hemoglobin polymorphisms in Atlantic cod – A review of 50years of study

Andersen

2012

Marine Genomics

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Growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with different haemoglobin subtypes when kept near their temperature preferenda

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Energy and nutrient utilization of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout fed diets differing in energy content

Energy and nutrient utilization of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout fed diets differing in energy content

Hemoglobin Genotype Has Minimal Influence on the Physiological Response of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) to Environmental Challenges

Hemoglobin polymorphisms in Atlantic cod – A review of 50years of study

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