Conspectus
A flexible
photodetector that extends unique capabilities such
as deformation, adaptivity to a soft surface, mechanical stability,
and high photoresponsivity compared to the rigid devices has come
to prominence in telecommunication, remote sensing, medical diagnostics,
image sensing, optical communication, and the biomimetic human visual
system. Low-dimensional nanomaterials consisting of one-dimensional
(1D) nanowires (NWs), 2D nanoplates, and heterojunctions such as quantum
dot modified NWs, hierarchical 1D hybrid nanomaterials, 1D/2D composites,
2D/2D heterostructures, etc. are considered as promising photosensitive
materials in designing a flexible photodetector owing to the large
surface to volume ratio and mechanical suppleness along the growth
direction of the 1D NWs, excellent mechanical strength, superior structural
stability, fast electron mobility, and low power dissipation of 2D
nanoplates, and the synergistic effect of the heterojunctions.
In this Account, we present our recent progress on low-dimensional
nanostructure based flexible photodetectors. First, the three components,
including the soft substrate, conductive electrodes, and representative
low-dimensional nanomaterials (1D NWs, 2D nanoplates, and various
types of heterojunctions) required for achieving flexible photodetector
are summarized. Then, the design strategies toward functional photodetectors
are presented in terms of their flexibility, stretchability, transparency,
and photodetector with tunable photoresponse properties. The integration
concepts of the photodetector with flexible energy storage to realize
independent detectivity and the field effect transistor to amplify
the responsivity are also provided. Furthermore, the application examples
of the flexible photodetector in the artificial visual memory system
and the biomimetic eye are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future
prospects of the low-dimensional nanostructure based flexible photodetector
in the field of flexible image sensing and integrated electronics.