Growth of a fish ear: 1. Quantitative analysis of hair cell and ganglion cell proliferation

Popper, Arthur N.; Hoxter, Becky

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(84)90044-3

Cited by 180 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The inner ears of cartilagenous and bony fish continue to grow in fish that continue to grow throughout postembryonic life (3,4). If the SC protein detected in the SCmz cells is secreted to become part of the OMg, then the addition of newly synthesized SC protein to the bluegill sunfish OMg may occur primarily at the edges of the saccular sensory epithelium via the SCmz cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Davis

Burns

Navaratnam

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A gelatinous otolithic membrane (OM) couples a single calcified otolith to the sensory epithelium in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) saccule, one of the otolithic organs in the inner ear. Though the OM is an integral part of the anatomic network of endorgan structures that result in vestibular function in the inner ear, the identity of the proteins that make up this sensory accessory membrane in teleosts, or in any vertebrate, is not fully known. Previously, we identified a cDNA from the sunfish saccular otolithic organ that encoded a new member of the collagen family of structural proteins. In this study, we examined biochemical features and the localization of the saccular collagen (SC) protein in vivo using polyclonal antisera that recognize the noncollagenous domains of the SC protein. The otolithic endorgans are part of the vestibular portion of the vertebrate inner ear and consist of a single or many calcified masses coupled to an underlying hair cell-containing sensory epithelium. A gelatinous otolithic͞otoconial membrane is attached to both the otolith and the underlying sensory epithelium and serves to couple the calcified mass(es) to the receptor epithelium. Displacement of the overlying otolith͞ otoconial mass(es) relative to the underlying receptor epithelium results in the displacement of hair cell stereociliary bundles that are critical to the mechanoelectrical transduction process in the inner ear (1).The teleost saccule is an otolithic organ involved in aspects of both vestibular (1) and acoustic function in certain fish (1, 2). The number of saccular sensory cells in certain teleosts (3) and cartilagenous fish (4) can be much larger than the number found in the human saccule (1). We took advantage of the large number of saccular hair cells found in certain teleosts to construct cDNA libraries in efforts to identify genes involved in vestibular function (5).Differential screening of the teleost saccular cDNA libraries led to the identification of candidate saccule-specific cDNAs. One of these was found to encode a unique form of collagen that was termed saccular collagen (SC). The 2.0-kb SC transcript was highly abundant in saccular RNA and appears unique to the saccule because it was not detected in several other sunfish tissues (6). A similar domain organization and homology of a conserved region within the carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain identified the SC as a new member of the family of collagens that includes collagens type VIII and type X (7-9). Expression of the SC gene was localized by in situ hybridization to secretory supporting cells located around the periphery of the saccular macula (6). In teleosts, supporting cells such as these have been correlated with the developmental appearance of the otolithic membrane (OM) (10) suggesting that the SC may be a component of the teleost OM. To date, the molecular identity of the proteins that comprise the teleost OM remains unknown.In this report, polyclonal SC-specific antisera were used to study the localization and...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of saccular sensory cells in certain teleosts (3) and cartilagenous fish (4) can be much larger than the number found in the human saccule (1). We took advantage of the large number of saccular hair cells found in certain teleosts to construct cDNA libraries in efforts to identify genes involved in vestibular function (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Davis

Burns

Navaratnam

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The findings were that variation of the hair bundle is both location-specific and typespecific, and they concluded that HCs I ''probably bear significantly more stereocilia [stereovilli] than central type II hair cells.'' Secondly, another topic which has not attracted much attention is whether postembryonic production of HCs occurs in the inner ear of reptiles as is the case in elasmobranchs (Corwin 1983(Corwin , 1985a, bony fishes (Popper and Hoxter 1984;Mathiesen 1985;Lombarte and Popper 1994), amphibians (Alfs and Schneider 1973;Lewis and Li 1973;Corwin 1985b), and birds (Jørgensen and Mathiesen 1988;Goodyear et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the need for more detailed information on this intriguing and ancient class has been articulated by many (e.g., Lindeman 1969a;Baird 1970;Popper and Hoxter 1984), current research papers on this subject confirm that the reptiles have been largely neglected. In conclusion, the knowledge of apical HC morphology is scarce and no study on postembryonic HC proliferation and growth in reptiles has previously been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Growth of the Utricular Macula in the Inner Ear of the Slider Turtle Trachemys scripta

Severinsen

Jørgensen²,

Nyengaard

2003

JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In general, postembryonic production of inner ear vestibular hair cells (HCs) is believed to occur in all nonmammalian vertebrates. However, no study on this topic has been published on reptiles and, consequently, it is not known whether this also applies to these vertebrates. Therefore, the present study applied stereological methods in order to estimate the total number of HCs in turtles of varying sizes. The findings are that in prehatchlings the utricular macula (UM) contains~4000 HCs as compared to~5000 in juveniles,~8000 in medium-sized turtles, and 12,000 in large, sexually mature turtles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that presumably newly generated HCs with small surface areas and thin stereovilli are found in all regions of the UM. Furthermore, it reveals that utricular HCs can be classified as belonging to a specific region from the morphology of their apical structure. Striolar HCs have a large free oval-to-ovoid surface, a hair bundle with numerous stereovilli, and a short kinocilium. Rampary and cotillary HCs have smaller and slimmer free surfaces, comparatively fewer stereovilli, but much longer kinocilia. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that postembryonic production of HCs does occur in reptiles and thereby supports the general view that this is a common trait in all nonmammalian vertebrates.

show abstract

“…Some animals demonstrate the capacity to generate hair cells throughout their lifetime (Popper and Hoxter, 1984;Corwin, 1985; Jörgenson and Mathiessen, 1989;Roberson et al, 1992) or to initiate hair cell regeneration in the event of their loss (Corwin and Cotanche, 1988;Ryals and Rubel, 1988). The progenitors of hair cells seem to be a subset of support cells that reside adjacent to hair cells in the sensory epithelia (Girod et al, 1989;Balak et al, 1990;Raphael, 1992;Hashino and Salvi, 1993;Weisleder and Rubel, 1993;Stone and Cotanche, 1994;Tsue et al, 1994a;Roberson et al, 1996).…”

Section: Abstract: Hair Cells; Regeneration; Chick; Basilar Papilla;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Cell Differentiation in Chick Cochlear Epithelium after Aminoglycoside Toxicity:In VivoandIn VitroObservations

Leaño²,

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inner ear epithelia of mature birds regenerate hair cells after ototoxic or acoustic insult. The lack of markers that selectively label cells in regenerating epithelia and of culture systems composed primarily of progenitor cells has hampered the identification of cellular and molecular interactions that regulate hair cell regeneration. In control basilar papillae, we identified two markers that selectively label hair cells (calmodulin and TUJ1 ␤ tubulin antibodies) and one marker unique for support cells (cytokeratin antibodies). Examination of regenerating epithelia demonstrated that calmodulin and ␤ tubulin are also expressed in early differentiating hair cells, and cytokeratins are retained in proliferative support cells. Enzymatic and mechanical methods were used to isolate sensory epithelia from mature chick basilar papillae, and epithelia were cultured in different conditions. In control cultures, hair cells are morphologically stable for up to 6 d, because calmodulin immunoreactivity and phalloidin labeling of filamentous actin are retained. The addition of an ototoxic antibiotic to cultures, however, causes complete hair cell loss by 2 d in vitro and generates cultures composed of calmodulinnegative, cytokeratin-positive support cells. These cells are highly proliferative for the first 2-7 d after plating, but stop dividing by 9 d. Calmodulin-or TUJ1-positive cells reemerge in cultures treated with antibiotic for 5 d and maintained for an additional 5 d without antibiotic. A subset of calmodulinpositive cells was also labeled with BrdU when it was continuously present in cultures, suggesting that some cells generated in culture begin to differentiate into hair cells. Key words: hair cells; regeneration; chick; basilar papilla; cell culture; differentiationHair cells are sensory receptors for hearing, equilibrium, and motion detection. Some animals demonstrate the capacity to generate hair cells throughout their lifetime (Popper and Hoxter, 1984;Corwin, 1985; Jörgenson and Mathiessen, 1989;Roberson et al., 1992) or to initiate hair cell regeneration in the event of their loss (Corwin and Cotanche, 1988;Ryals and Rubel, 1988). The progenitors of hair cells seem to be a subset of support cells that reside adjacent to hair cells in the sensory epithelia (Girod et al., 1989;Balak et al., 1990;Raphael, 1992;Hashino and Salvi, 1993;Weisleder and Rubel, 1993;Stone and Cotanche, 1994;Tsue et al., 1994a;Roberson et al., 1996). Although mature mammals normally do not generate new hair cells, recent in vivo and in vitro studies have documented mitotic activity and immature-looking hair cells in mammalian vestibular epithelia after exposure to ototoxic drugs Warchol et al., 1993;Rubel et al., 1995), suggesting that hair cell regeneration in mammals may be inducible. The development of culture methods for mature cochlear and vestibular end organs has been initiated to identify molecules that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in avian and mammalian hair cell epithelia. Co-culture experiments suggest that...

show abstract

Growth of a fish ear: 1. Quantitative analysis of hair cell and ganglion cell proliferation

Cited by 180 publications

References 32 publications

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Structure and Growth of the Utricular Macula in the Inner Ear of the Slider Turtle Trachemys scripta

Hair Cell Differentiation in Chick Cochlear Epithelium after Aminoglycoside Toxicity:In VivoandIn VitroObservations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About