Growth morphology of nanoscale sputter-deposited Au films on amorphous soft polymeric substrates

Ruffino, F.; Torrisi, V.; Marletta, Giovanni; Grimaldi, M. G.

doi:10.1007/s00339-011-6413-1

Cited by 72 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The almost-circular cross-section of the Au nanostructures on the polymeric surfaces is recognizable. This initial growth stage is known as a "low-coverage" growth stage [21,34]. Increasing the amount of deposited metal (i.e., the thickness h of the grown metal film), the film is in a "medium-coverage" growth stage [21,34]: in this step, the metal islands grow in size, partially coalesce, and form worm-like structures.…”

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This initial growth stage is known as a "low-coverage" growth stage [21,34]. Increasing the amount of deposited metal (i.e., the thickness h of the grown metal film), the film is in a "medium-coverage" growth stage [21,34]: in this step, the metal islands grow in size, partially coalesce, and form worm-like structures. For example, Figure 2 shows: in (a) and (b) AFM images of 10 nm-thick Au layer sputtered (at room temperature) onto 200 nm-thick PS and PMMA, respectively, spin-coated on Si [21]; in (c) and (d) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of 4 nm-thick Au evaporated (at room-temperature) onto polyimide (pyromellitic dianhydride-oxydianiline, PMDA-ODA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), respectively [26].…”

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing the amount of deposited metal (i.e., the thickness h of the grown metal film), the film is in a "medium-coverage" growth stage [21,34]: in this step, the metal islands grow in size, partially coalesce, and form worm-like structures. For example, Figure 2 shows: in (a) and (b) AFM images of 10 nm-thick Au layer sputtered (at room temperature) onto 200 nm-thick PS and PMMA, respectively, spin-coated on Si [21]; in (c) and (d) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of 4 nm-thick Au evaporated (at room-temperature) onto polyimide (pyromellitic dianhydride-oxydianiline, PMDA-ODA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), respectively [26]. At higher h, a "high-coverage" growth stage occurs for the metal film [21,34]: island percolation (islands grow longer and are connected originating a continuous network across the surface) is obtained and, finally, the rough and continuous metal film is formed by a holes filling process.…”

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, noble metals do not wet, in general, polymer surfaces. They form clusters in the initial stage of deposition so that a distribution of small islands with circular cross section is obtained on the polymeric surface (i.e., three-dimensional spherical-like shapes) and their sizes are represented by the diameter D. For example, Figure 1 shows atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of: (a) 25 nm-thick Au layer evaporated (at room-temperature) onto 11 nm-thick poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) spin-coated film on glass [13], (b) and (c) 2 nm-thick Au layer sputtered (at room-temperature) onto 200 nm-thick polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively, spin-coated on Si [21]. The almost-circular cross-section of the Au nanostructures on the polymeric surfaces is recognizable.…”

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using vapor phase deposition techniques (such as evaporation or sputtering) to growth metal NPs or films on polymeric surfaces, noble metals like Au and Ag grow, during the initial stage, as spherical clusters on polymer surfaces [13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], i.e., according to a Volmer-Weber [33] growth mode. This is due to a higher (two orders of magnitude) cohesive energy of metals with respect to the polymers' cohesive energy.…”

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

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Abstract:In this review, we discuss the basic concepts related to (co-)evaporation and (co)sputtering based fabrication methods and the electrical properties of polymer-metal nanocomposite films. Within the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites research framework, the field related to metal-polymer nanocomposites is attracting much interest. In fact, it is opening pathways for engineering flexible composites that exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, or mechanical properties. The metal-polymer nanocomposites research field is, now, a wide, complex, and important part of the nanotechnology revolution. So, with this review we aim, starting from the discussion of specific cases, to focus our attention on the basic microscopic mechanisms and processes and the general concepts suitable for the interpretation of material properties and structure-property correlations. The review aims, in addition, to provide a comprehensive schematization of the main technological applications currently in development worldwide.

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Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Metal Film Fabrication On Polymeric Surfaces By Vapor Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CoCl2-doped polyaniline composites as electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitor application

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Effects of the embedding kinetics on the surface nano-morphology of nano-grained Au and Ag films on PS and PMMA layers annealed above the glass transition temperature

et al. 2012

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The morphology evolution of nano-grained Ag and Au films deposited on polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymeric layers were studied, using the atomic force microscopy technique, when annealed above the polymers glass transition temperature. The main effects on the morphology changes were identified with those concerning the embedding kinetics of the Ag and Au nanoparticles in the PS or PMMA layers. The embedding process of the nanoparticles follows as a consequence of the long-range mobility of the polymeric chains above the glass transition temperature. In particular, the dependence of the nanoparticles mean height and surface density on the annealing time at various temperatures was quantified. The analyses of these behaviors allowed us: (1) to distinguish the overall embedding process in a first stage in which a thin wetting layer of the polymer coats the nanoparticles followed by a true embedding process of the nanoparticles into the polymer layer; (2) to evaluate the characteristic coating time for the Ag and Au nanoparticles in the PS and PMMA in the first stage; (3) to evaluate the characteristic embedding velocity for the Ag and Au nanoparticles in the PS and PMMA in the second stage; (4) to derive the activation energies for the embedding process of the Ag and Au nanoparticles in PS F. Ruffino ( ) · M.G. Grimaldi

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Growth morphology of nanoscale sputter-deposited Au films on amorphous soft polymeric substrates

Cited by 72 publications

References 38 publications

Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites: (Co-)Evaporation/(Co)Sputtering Approaches and Electrical Properties

CoCl2-doped polyaniline composites as electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitor application

Effects of the embedding kinetics on the surface nano-morphology of nano-grained Au and Ag films on PS and PMMA layers annealed above the glass transition temperature

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