Growth mode-dependent ferromagnetic properties of palladium nanoclusters

Abstract

Cluster deposited Pd films exhibit ferromagnetism in the temperature range from 1.8 to 400 K. The magnetization properties are found to be dependent on the film thickness. The varying morphology of the resulting Pd film with respect to thickness suggests that cluster size, deposition energy, and substrate type are crucial for the resulting film magnetization. This is demonstrated by the characteristic ferromagnetic hysteresis with the temperature dependent saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity of palladium nanocluster aggregates. The temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity of Pd nanoclusters were measured using an ultra-highsensitive magnetometer based on a superconducting quantum interference device, and the morphology of the samples was analyzed by tunneling electron microscopy.

Oxygen-Evolution Reaction by a Palladium Foil in the Presence of Iron

“…Upon lowering the temperature, a new strong resonance line was raised below H = 3.3 kOe. The position of this resonance depends on the magnetic field direction relative to the Pd foil plane. , This indicates a ferromagnetic ordering of Pd at low temperatures.…”

“…It is expected that Pd is paramagnetic in the bulk form. However, in low dimensional structures, the Pd could show ferromagnetic ordering after fulfilling the Stoner criterion ID (ϵ F ) > 1, where I is the exchange integral and D (ϵ F ) is the density of states at Fermi energy. , The magnetic property of such a ferromagnetic Pd strongly depends on the shape and size of the Pd particles.…”

“…The position of this resonance depends on the magnetic field direction relative to the Pd foil plane. 48,49 This indicates a ferromagnetic ordering of Pd at low temperatures.…”

Charge transport variation from Bloch–Grüneisen to Mott variable range hopping and transport change due to hydrogenation in Palladium thin films

“…Bulk palladium is known to be non-magnetic but is close to fulfilling the Stoner’s criterion of ferromgnetism (N(E ) > 1) 58 where N(E ) is the density of states at the Fermi level E and I is the Stoner’s parameter having a value of 0.87 for Pd 57 . However, in the nanoscale, palladium has been shown to exhibit ferromagnetism 58 – 60 . Since our ultra-thin films have grains that are nanometer sized (see Fig.…”