Growth, Mineral Nutrients, Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters of Citrus in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency

Huang, Weichao; Xie, Yunying; Chen, Xu-Feng; Zhang, Jiang; Chen, Huanhuan; Ye, Xin; Guo, Jiuxin; Yang, Lin-Tong; Chen, Li‐Song

doi:10.3390/agronomy11091859

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Moreover, the application of N fertilizers is usually excessive [ 2 ]. The world N fertilizer application increased from 11.4 Tg year − 1 in 1961 to 107.7 Tg year − 1 in 2019 [ 3 ]. Reducing the application of N fertilizers without affecting crop yield is an urgent challenge for agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive responses of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms to nitrogen-deficiency in Citrus sinensis seedlings

et al. 2022

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Background In China, nitrogen (N)-deficiency often occurs in Citrus orchards, which is one of the main causes of yield loss and fruit quality decline. Little information is known about the adaptive responses of Citrus carbon (C) and N metabolisms to N-deficiency. Seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were supplied with nutrient solution at an N concentration of 0 (N-deficiency), 5, 10, 15 or 20 mM for 10 weeks. Thereafter, we examined the effects of N supply on the levels of C and N in roots, stems and leaves, and the levels of organic acids, nonstructural carbohydrates, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, total soluble proteins, free amino acids (FAAs) and derivatives (FAADs), and the activities of key enzymes related to N assimilation and organic acid metabolism in roots and leaves. Results N-deficiency elevated sucrose export from leaves to roots, C and N distributions in roots and C/N ratio in roots, stems and leaves, thus enhancing root dry weight/shoot dry weight ratio and N use efficiency. N-deficient leaves displayed decreased accumulation of starch and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and increased sucrose/starch ratio as well as a partitioning trend of assimilated C toward to sucrose, but N-deficient roots displayed elevated accumulation of starch and TNC and reduced sucrose/starch ratio as well as a partitioning trend of assimilated C toward to starch. N-deficiency reduced the concentrations of most FAADs and the ratios of total FAADs (TFAADs)/N in leaves and roots. N-deficiency reduced the demand for C skeleton precursors for amino acid biosynthesis, thus lowering TFAADs/C ratio in leaves and roots. N-deficiency increased (decreased) the relative amounts of C-rich (N-rich) FAADs, thus increasing the molar ratio of C/N in TFAADs in leaves and roots. Conclusions Our findings corroborated our hypothesis that C and N metabolisms displayed adaptive responses to N-deficiency in C. sinensis seedlings, and that some differences existed between roots and leaves in N-deficiency-induced alterations of and C and N metabolisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon partitioning between roots and shoots is one of the major factors determining shoot growth [ 11 ]. Most experiments under controlled or field conditions showed that N-deficiency increased the partitioning of C to roots, thus increasing the ratio of root/shoot (R/S) [ 3 , 12 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive responses of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms to nitrogen-deficiency in Citrus sinensis seedlings

et al. 2022

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“…The global population was expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, which required crop yields to increase by more than 85% compared to 2013 (Mu and Chen, 2021); an increasing amount of fertilizers was therefore used in modern agricultural crop production to meet the requirements of the rapidly escalating population for crop yield and quality (Waqas et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2020). The amount of N fertilizers applied globally had increased 10-fold in the past 60 years (Huang et al, 2021), and the K fertilizer requirements in China had far exceeded mined K resources (Li et al, 2021d), which not only caused pollution, destruction of ecological balance and soil nutrients but also had a huge impact on human economic benefits and health (Chen et al, 2018;Sabzi et al, 2021). Therefore, investigating the response of crops to NK and balancing fertilizer application are the bases of the need to balance benefits and costs and avoid environmental degradation (Huang et al, 2021;Li et al, 2021c;Zhu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of N fertilizers applied globally had increased 10-fold in the past 60 years (Huang et al, 2021), and the K fertilizer requirements in China had far exceeded mined K resources (Li et al, 2021d), which not only caused pollution, destruction of ecological balance and soil nutrients but also had a huge impact on human economic benefits and health (Chen et al, 2018;Sabzi et al, 2021). Therefore, investigating the response of crops to NK and balancing fertilizer application are the bases of the need to balance benefits and costs and avoid environmental degradation (Huang et al, 2021;Li et al, 2021c;Zhu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of stem and physiological–biochemical responses of cucumber under different N and K conditions

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

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In order to investigate the effects of N and K on the mechanical properties of cucumber stems, the physiological and biochemical indexes under different N and K conditions were compared. The analysis showed that the pho-tosynthetic rate was affected by both stress and the self-senescence of cucumber plants, and that the crops under N and K stress were stimulated to activate a highly effective antioxidant system to cope with the damage. Sugar, as the basis for the synthesis and structure formation of the stems, was highly related to stem strength, and polyphenol oxidase in the study of stem strength was limited but indispensable. Compared with CK, the epidermal penetration strength under LN, LNLK, and LNHK treatments increased by at least 10%, while the strength under HN, LK, HNLK, and HNHK treatments decreased by at least 7%. To sum up, it was the photosynthesis rate, the sucrose transportation, as well as the futile cycling of K+ that were the keys of stem strength.

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“…Previous studies demonstrated N-deprivation significantly decreased the CO 2 assimilation of plants including tea and citrus [ 21 , 22 ]. In the present study, the global metabolic profiles of N-deficient leaves and roots based on an untargeted metabolomics approach were discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2021

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Background Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. Results In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. Conclusions The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.

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Growth, Mineral Nutrients, Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters of Citrus in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency

Cited by 29 publications

References 75 publications

Adaptive responses of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms to nitrogen-deficiency in Citrus sinensis seedlings

Adaptive responses of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms to nitrogen-deficiency in Citrus sinensis seedlings

Mechanical properties of stem and physiological–biochemical responses of cucumber under different N and K conditions

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

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