Growth Inhibitory Activity of Gutta-Percha Points Containing Root Canal Medications on Common Endodontic Bacterial Pathogens as Determined by an Optimized Quantitative In Vitro Assay

Abstract

Gutta-percha points containing calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide (ZnO), a mixture of ZnO and chlorhexidine (ZnO/CHX), iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone (ZnO/J-PVP), or a mixture of CHX and J-PVP and ZnO (ZnO/CHX/J-PVP) were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of pure cultures of bacterial species commonly involved in endodontic infections (Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus intermedius, Enterococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis). To quantitate growth inhibition, an in vitro assay was established that controlled for important parameters of root canal infection. Approximately 10(7) bacteria per assay were suspended in diluted human serum and co-incubated with the gutta-percha points in an anaerobic atmosphere for up to 2 wk. Aliquots used for determination of colony counts were taken on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 of incubation. As judged by colony-forming unit reduction kinetics and final counts, calcium hydroxide had better growth inhibitory activity than ZnO/CHX, ZnO/J-PVP, and ZnO alone for all bacteria tested except Peptostreptococcus micros. The combination of CHX and J-PVP with ZnO did not render results different from those of ZnO/CHX or ZnO/J-PVP. The results of this study support the introduction of standardized assays for testing antibacterial properties of root canal medications under conditions that more closely resemble those encountered in endodontal infections.

Microbiological Analysis of Teeth with Chronic Apical Periodontitis and the Outcome of Treatment by Gutta Percha Points Impregnated with Either Calcium Hydroxide or Chlorhexidine as Intra Canal Medicament

“…When Ca(OH) 2 points were used, 79 % of the cases showed negative cultures. The great antibacterial effect of the Ca(OH) 2 points was in agreement with that obtained by other authors [17][18][19]. Te mechanism of action of Ca(OH) 2 as antibacterial agent may be due to the liberation of hydroxyl ions (OH)-and inactivation of enzymes of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria which chemically altered the organic components and nutrient transport causing toxic effects on the cells [20].…”

Contamination Of Gutta-Percha Cones In Clinical Use By Endodontic Specialists And General Practitioners

“…17 To expand the antibacterial properties of guttapercha cones, the addition of several components has been proposed in their formulation, including polyvinilpyrrolidone-iodine, 18,19 calcium hydroxide (CA(OH) 2 , 19,20 chlorhexidine (CHX), 19,20 and iodoform. 21 The antibacterial activity of cones, when associated with other substances, such as CHX, Ca(OH) 2 or iodoform, did not provide advantages over the usual cones.…”

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Trendelenburg Positioning in Robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy

“…Clinical staging was based on TNM classification from American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC, Chicago, Illinois, 7th edition). Clinically acceptable ranges of commonly monitored intraoperative parameters are shown in Table 1 [16][17][18].…”

“…End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) 35 -45 mmHg 16 Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) 25 -40 mmHg 17 Respiratory Rate (RR) 12 -20 bpm 17 Heart Rate (HR) 60 -100 bpm 18 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) 70 -110 mmHg 18 …”