Growth inhibition of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae by camptothecin correlates with alteration of the structures and gene expression profiles of the midgut
Abstract:Background
Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious pest that causes devastating losses to many major crops, including corn, rice, sugarcane, and peanut. Camptothecin (CPT) is a bioactive secondary metabolite of the woody plant Camptotheca acuminata, which has shown high toxicity to various pests. However, the effect of CPT against S. frugiperda remains unknown.
Results
In this study, bioassays have been conducted on the growth inhibition of CPT on S. fr… Show more
“…The laboratory population had been established without pesticide exposure for more than two years. The larvae were maintained with an artificial diet, and the recipe for a 1 kg diet contained 100 g corn flour, 80 g soy flour, 26 g yeast powder, 26 g agar, 8.0 g vitamin C, 2.0 g sorbic acid, 1.0 g choline chloride, 0.2 g inositol, and 0.2 g cholesterol 58 . The adults were fed with 10% honey water.…”
Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with a wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become a hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. frugiperda has been investigated, while the effects of cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, the growth of S. frugiperda larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, the microbial community and functional prediction analyses of the larval midguts of S. frugiperda fed with different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that B. oleracea inhibited the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval midgut microbial community composition and structure were significantly affected by different diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera and 2 fungal genera contributed to different gut microbial community structures. The functional classification of the midgut microbiome analyzed by PICRUSt and FUNGuild showed that the most COG function categories of midgut bacterial function were changed by B. oleracea, while the guilds of fungal function were altered by B. campestris significantly. These results showed that the diversity and structure of the S. frugiperda midgut microbial community were affected by cruciferous vegetable feeding. Our study provided a preliminary understanding of the role of midgut microbes in S. frugiperda larvae in response to cruciferous vegetables.
“…The laboratory population had been established without pesticide exposure for more than two years. The larvae were maintained with an artificial diet, and the recipe for a 1 kg diet contained 100 g corn flour, 80 g soy flour, 26 g yeast powder, 26 g agar, 8.0 g vitamin C, 2.0 g sorbic acid, 1.0 g choline chloride, 0.2 g inositol, and 0.2 g cholesterol 58 . The adults were fed with 10% honey water.…”
Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with a wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become a hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. frugiperda has been investigated, while the effects of cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, the growth of S. frugiperda larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, the microbial community and functional prediction analyses of the larval midguts of S. frugiperda fed with different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that B. oleracea inhibited the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval midgut microbial community composition and structure were significantly affected by different diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera and 2 fungal genera contributed to different gut microbial community structures. The functional classification of the midgut microbiome analyzed by PICRUSt and FUNGuild showed that the most COG function categories of midgut bacterial function were changed by B. oleracea, while the guilds of fungal function were altered by B. campestris significantly. These results showed that the diversity and structure of the S. frugiperda midgut microbial community were affected by cruciferous vegetable feeding. Our study provided a preliminary understanding of the role of midgut microbes in S. frugiperda larvae in response to cruciferous vegetables.
“…Among these were genes encoding detoxification-related proteins and components of the peritrophic membrane such as mucins and cuticle proteins. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated these DEGs were involved in DNA replication, digestion, immunity, endocrine system and metabolism [ 133 ].…”
Section: Application Of Insect Cell Lines In Pest Managementmentioning
During the past decades, research on insect cell culture has grown tremendously. Thousands of lines have been established from different species of insect orders, originating from several tissue sources. These cell lines have often been employed in insect science research. In particular, they have played important roles in pest management, where they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of insecticide candidate compounds. This review intends to first briefly summarize the progression of insect cell line establishment. Then, several recent studies based on insect cell lines coupled with advanced technologies are introduced. These investigations revealed that insect cell lines can be exploited as novel models with unique advantages such as increased efficiency and reduced cost compared with traditional insecticide research. Most notably, the insect cell line-based models provide a global and in-depth perspective to study the toxicology mechanisms of insecticides. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in the connection between in vitro activity and in vivo effectiveness. Despite all this, recent advances have suggested that insect cell line-based models promote the progress and sensible application of insecticides, which benefits pest management.
“…Damage to the digestive organs can inhibit the food absorption process, so the larvae's energy needs are not fulfilled. As a result of this lack of energy, it can inhibit the process of larval development Changes in the digestive organs of Fall armyworms have an impact on larval development, interfere with the functioning of the digestive system, and disrupt the larval metabolic system [22].…”
Section: Duration Of Development Of Larvaementioning
Spiked pepper (Piper aduncum) essential oil has the potency to develop as a botanical insecticide in controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). This study aimed to determine the activity of spiked pepper fruit essential oils against fall armyworm larvae. This study was held from November 2020 to March 2021 at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), including preliminary and advanced tests. The preliminary test was conducted using three concentration levels (0%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) and consisted of 4 replications. The advanced test was conducted using 5 concentration levels and control (0%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.11%, 0.17% and 0.25%) and consisted of 5 replications. The test ran with the leaf-dipped method, with parameters observed were larval mortality, feeding inhibition activity (antifeedant), and larval development time. The observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if there were any significant differences, it continued with a further test using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 5% level. LC50 and LC95 values were analyzed using the POLO PC software. The result showed that spiked pepper fruit essential oil could cause larval mortality, inhibit feeding activity, and inhibit Fall armyworm larval growth. The treatment with a concentration of 0.17% showed the best result, which could lead to 98.67% larvae mortality, inhibit feeding activity by 91.23% and inhibit larvae growth from reaching the sixth instar around 3.26 days compared to the control. The LC50 and LC95 value of spiked pepper fruit essential oil solution was 0.068% and 0.151%, respectively. Overall, spiked pepper essential oil has insecticidal activity against fall armyworm larvae.
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