Growth inhibition in early life-stage tests predicts full life-cycle toxicity effects of lead in the freshwater pulmonate snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

Diet quality has a strong impact on life-history traits, but it is not usually considered as a factor in toxicity tests. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how diets differing in nutritional content affect sensitivity to cadmium, pyraclostrobin, and tributyltin in Lymnaea stagnalis offspring. Three groups were fed a different diet each: lettuce, high-caloric pellets, or a combination of both. Snails fed pellets and both diets had similar growth; however, snails fed lettuce showed lower growth until the fourth month. Egg masses were collected from adult snails fed each diet and exposed to 3 concentrations of either cadmium, pyraclostrobin, or tributyltin. We quantified time to hatch, hatching success, and the developmental stages of embryos. We measured fecundity in adults and total lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adult snails and egg masses. Adult snails fed different diets produced a similar number of egg masses, but the number of eggs per egg mass in snails fed pellets was lower than for snails fed the other 2 diets. We found that adult snails fed pellets had a higher lipid content compared to snails fed the other 2 diets. However, egg masses from parental snails fed pellets did not hatch, including those from the controls. Interestingly, egg masses exposed to the lowest concentration of tributyltin had low hatching success. These observations on offspring performance suggest that there are important diet effects that can strongly influence responses that could be diet- and chemical-dependent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2428-2438. © 2018 SETAC.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental diet affects embryogenesis of the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) exposed to cadmium, pyraclostrobin, and tributyltin

Reátegui‐Zirena¹,

Salice²

2018

“…While there has been no full life cycle toxicity studies conducted on A. cumingi, numerous endpoints for toxicity testing have been evaluated and egg production was considered the most sensitive and reliable [12]. This is supported by Munley et al [20] and Bandow and Weltje [19], whose studies validate the use of egg production as a sensitive and ecologically relevant endpoint. The use of full life cycle studies to derive toxicity estimates is a time consuming and costly undertaking.…”

Section: Acc E P Ted P R E P R I Ntmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, early life stage and/or lifecycle toxicity testing, as per Munley et al [20] and Bandow and Weltje [19,28] would be undertaken for A. cumingi. However, this would be difficult as juveniles do not emerge from the egg masses simultaneously, and they have a naturally high mortality [12].…”

Section: Uranium Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies using aquatic snail species (Lymnaea stagnalis and Pomacea paludosa) have successfully derived chronic toxicity estimates by conducting early life stage and full life cycle toxicity studies [17,18]. While there have been no full life cycle toxicity studies conducted on A. cumingi, numerous endpoints for toxicity testing have been evaluated and egg production has been considered the most sensitive and reliable (B. Lewis, 1992, Bachelor's thesis, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing uranium exposure durations to the aquatic snailAmerianna cumingidoes not result in lower toxicity estimates

Mooney¹,

Harford²,

Trenfield³

et al. 2016

Reproductive inhibition (egg production) of the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi over 4 d has been used to derive toxicity estimates for toxicants of concern in tropical Australia. Toxicity estimates from this test have been used as chronic data points in species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for deriving site-specific guideline values. However, revised guidance for the Australian and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines advises that test durations for adult macroinvertebrates should be ≥14 d to be considered chronic. Hence, to strengthen the data set underpinning the site-specific guideline value for uranium (U) in Magela Creek, which receives water from the Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia, the toxicity of U to A. cumingi was compared after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d. Daily U concentrations were measured because of expected U loss during testing, providing extensive chemical analyses of the U exposure during the toxicity tests. Comparison of the U concentrations causing 50% reproductive inhibition (IC50) after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d showed no difference in toxicity (4 d IC50 = 161 μg L , confidence interval = 133-195; 9-d IC50 = 151 μg L , confidence interval = 127-180; 14-d IC50 = 153 μg L , confidence interval = 29-180). The present study provides evidence that test durations of <14 d are suitable for assessing chronic toxicity to U for this species and supports the use of the 4-d toxicity estimate in the SSD for U. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2851-2858. © 2016 Commonwealth of Australia.

“…Most published Pb toxicity research has been conducted with acute exposures and freshwater organisms (Pyatt et al 2002;Grosell et al 2006;Parametrix 2010;Mager et al 2010Mager et al , 2011Brix et al 2012;Munley et al 2013;International Lead Association 2017). Literature data for chronic toxicity of Pb on marine organisms are limited, in part due to the low solubility of Pb in marine waters (Taylor et al 1985;Denton and Jones 1986;Angel et al 2016;Church et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effects of lead exposure on topsmelt fish (Atherinops affinis): Influence of salinity, organism age, and relative sensitivity to other marine species

Reynolds

Smith

Chowdhury³

et al. 2018

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of salinity and organism age on the chronic toxicity of waterborne lead (Pb) to Atherinops affinis and to compare the relative Pb sensitivity of A. affinis with other marine species. Chronic Pb exposure experiments were conducted in a water flow-through testing system. Survival, standard length, dry weight, and tissue Pb concentration were measured and lethal concentrations (LCs), effect concentrations (ECs), and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated. In general, increasing salinity and organism age decreased Pb toxicity. The LC50s for larval fish at 14 and 28 ppt salinity were 15.1 and 79.8 μg/L dissolved Pb, respectively; whereas, the LC50 for juvenile fish was 167.6 μg/L dissolved Pb at 28 ppt salinity. Using standard length data, the EC10 values for larval fish were 16.4 and 82.4 μg/L dissolved Pb at 14 and 28 ppt salinity, respectively. The dry weight EC25s for low and high salinity were 15.6 and 61.84 μg/L dissolved Pb, respectively. The BCFs were higher with the lower salinity study (1703) in comparison to the higher salinity study (654). Results of Pb speciation calculation showed higher fraction of Pb in water with lower salinity, explaining the higher observed toxicity of Pb in lower salinity water than higher salinity water. Atherinops affinis is more sensitive to Pb than several other marine species. Evidence of abnormal swimming and skeletal deformities were observed in Pb exposure treatments. Results of the present study are useful for marine biotic ligand modeling and support ecological risk assessment and deriving Pb environmental quality criteria for marine environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2705-2713. © 2018 SETAC.