Growth in Vitro of a Long-Term Strain of Monkey-Kidney Cells in Medium NCTC 109 Free of Any Added Protein 11

Experimental Models for the Study of Central Nervous System Infection by SARS-CoV-2

“…The LLC-MK2 cell line was established in 1955 from rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) kidney epithelial cells ( 61 ). It has been mainly used in the study of poliovirus, but also to study SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 ( 34 , 62 , 63 ), and SARS-CoV-2 to assess the cytopathic effects in patients infected with the virus ( 41 , 43 ) and to characterize its viral infectious pathway ( 39 ).…”

A serum‐protein‐free medium for the culture of macrophages and related cells

“…It is difficult to culture macrophages in serum-free media, since the cells do not usually survive for periods longer than 24 hr in its absence. In this respect macrophages differ from rapidly dividing cell-lines {such as L strain fibroblasts (Evans et al, 1956) or monkey kidney cells (Evans et al, 1959)) that can be readily maintained in chemically defined media. In this laboratory, I have developed a serum-free medium supplement that provides adequate nutrition for cultured macrophages, whose reactions can then be studied in the absence of opsonins or antibodies.…”

Gene Therapy of Some Genetic Diseases by Transferring Normal Human Genomic DNA into Somatic Cells and Stem Cells from Patients

“…One of the major problems of these therapies is that it is hard to find an ideal wild-type oncolytic virus, which only target cancer cells but not normal cells. Normal rhesus monkey kidney LLC-MK2 cell line was established in 1955 (Evans et al, 1959;Hull et al, 1956Hull et al, , 1962. Normal mouse L929 cell line was first described by Stanford et al in 1948.…”