Growth in the Sultanate of Oman of Small Ruminants Given Date Byproducts-Urea Multinutrient Blocks

Abstract

This study investigated the use of multinutrient blocks (MNB) composed of 35% date syrup, 35% date syrup byproducts, 10% date fronds, 7% urea, 7% cement and 6% common salt for growing small ruminants, as partial substitute for the roughage component of the diet (Rhodes grass hay) and its effect on feedlot performance and economics of feeding. Eight growing local Omani goats and 8 sheep (each about one year old) were used in this study. Mean body weights for goats and sheep (kg), respectively were 21.1±4.5 and 25.5±4.1. The goats and sheep were subdivided into two sub-groups of more or less equal body weights for each species. Each sub-group in both species was either fed on 0.5 kg concentrate+ad libitum Rhodes grass hay or the same diet+restricted hay (about 0.2 kg/head/day) and ad libitum amount of MNB. Sheep significantly (p<0.05) consumed greater amounts of MNB (36±17 g/head/day) than goats (6±2.5 g/head/day). Feeding of the MNB was effective in sparing about 40% of the roughage Rhodes grass hay for goats (from 240 to 140 g) and about 42% for sheep (from 252 to 146 g) or approximately 100 g/head/day for both goats and sheep. This reduction (or sparing) in the consumption of Rhodes grass hay was coupled by an improvement in daily liveweight gain (g/head/day) in both goats (from 29 to 46 by 58.6%) and sheep (from 26 to 39 by 50%) and also by an improvement in the feed conversion efficiency (g feed/g gain) of both goats (from 25 to 13.8 by 45%) and sheep (from 28.7 to 17.2 by 40%). Cost of daily consumed feeds as well as cost/kg gain (or cost of meat) were both reduced due to feeding of MNB. They were both respectively reduced by 7.5% (from 53 Baisa/day to 49) and 38% (from 1,828 Baisa/kg to 1,140). It was economically viable to feed MNBs containing date by-products and urea to small ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman.

Nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, microbial nitrogen flow, microbial abundances, and methane emissions in goats fed diets including tomato and cucumber waste fruits1

“…The variability in block intakes in sheep and goats may rely on FB formulation and other factors such as animal physiological state or breed (Sansoucy, 1986). Taking into account the amount of cereals included in the concentrate and in FB used in the present work, the average intakes, and the cost of diet ingredients, a reduction of 32% in feeding cost may be achieved with FB containing diets in agreement with others (El Hag et al, 2002;Molina-Alcaide et al, 2010).…”

Effects of concentrate replacement by feed blocks on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in goats and single-flow continuous-culture fermenters1

“…El Hag et al (2002) found that it was economically viable to use FB-containing by-products and urea for sheep and goats because the cost per kilogram of grain was reduced by 38% as compared with the control diet (grass hay and concentrate).…”

Ruminant Lick Blocks, Particularly in China: A Review

“…In order to ensure proper hardening of the LB, the BV of the molasses should be at least 85% [39]. Because molasses is expensive, LBs without molasses have been developed in many countries [40,41].…”