Growth in the slow lane: protein metabolism in the Antarctic limpet<i>Nacella concinna</i>(Strebel 1908)

Fraser, Keiron P. P.; Clarke, Andrew; Peck, Lloyd S.

doi:10.1242/jeb.003715

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Changes in the surface density of mitochondrial cristae as a result of seasonal acclimatization may be a more eYcient way of up-regulating the reactive surface for oxidative phosphorylation in individual mitochondria, eliminating some of the costs associated with making mitochondria de novo, and also preventing loss in the volume of the contractile apparatus (see Lurman et al 2010 for a more in-depth discussion). This might be of particular importance in N. concinna and other Antarctic marine invertebrates, where protein synthesis rates are considerably slower (Fraser et al 2007), yet they must still be able to adjust their systems to respond to the seasonal rate of warming. Experiments are in progress on invertebrates like carp that experience larger temperature ranges and they may shed more light on this novel mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of pedal muscle as a function of temperature in nacellid limpets

et al. 2010

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Temperature and mitochondrial plasticity are well studied in Wshes, but little is known about this relationship in invertebrates. The eVects of habitat temperature on mitochondrial ultrastructure were examined in three confamilial limpets from the Antarctic (Nacella concinna), New Zealand (Cellana ornata), and Singapore (Cellana radiata). The eVects of seasonal changes in temperature were also examined in winter and summer C. ornata. Stereological methods showed that limpet pedal myocytes were 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller in diameter (t3.5 m) than in vertebrates, and that the diameter did not vary as a function of temperature. Mitochondrial volume density (Vv (mt,f) ) was approximately 2-4 times higher in N. concinna (0.024) than in the other species (0.01 and 0.006), which were not signiWcantly diVerent from each other. Mitochondrial cristae surface density (Sv (im,mt) ) was signiWcantly lower in summer C. ornata ). The surface area of mitochondrial cristae per unit Wbre volume was signiWcantly higher in N. concinna, due largely to the greater mitochondrial volume density. These results and previous studies indicate that mitochondrial proliferation in the cold is a common, but not universal response by diVerent species from diVerent thermal habitats. Seasonal temperature decreases on the other hand, leading preferentially to an increase in cristae surface density. Stereological measures also showed that energetic reserves, i.e. lipid droplets and glycogen in the pedal muscle changed greatly with season and species. This was most likely related to gametogenesis and spawning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of pedal muscle as a function of temperature in nacellid limpets

et al. 2010

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“…This is further complicated by the fact that four related Antarctic species, T. bernacchii, Pagothenia borchgrevinki (Nototheniidae) Harpagifer antarcticus (Harpagiferidae) and L. dearborni (Zoarcoidei) permanently express the inducible form of HSP70 Place & Hofmann 2005a;Clark et al, 2008a), presumably in response to the problems of protein folding at low temperatures (Privalov, 1990). Antarctic marine species, in general show elevated levels of protein damage Todgham et al, 2007), with concommitant low levels of overall protein retention efficiency (Fraser et al, 2007); clear indications of problems in protein homeostasis.…”

Section: Antarctic Fish and Hsp70 Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSP70 heat shock proteins and environmental stress in Antarctic marine organisms: A mini-review

Clark

2009

Marine Genomics

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“…Some evidence suggests that some Antarctic suspension feeders may grow at comparable rates to lower latitude species when they are actually feeding and growing; they appear slow overall because they spend less time doing this (Clarke 1988, Barnes 1995. However, it seems that at least part of a general explanation for slow growth in Antarctic invertebrates may be due to very slow rates of protein synthesis and elevated rates of protein degradation (Fraser et al 2007). As well as growing slowly, Antarctic benthos can reach a great age compared to like-with-like shelf taxa elsewhere.…”

Section: Antarctic Shelf Benthos and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of Antarctic shelf biodiversity to predicted regional warming

Barnes¹,

Peck²

2008

Clim. Res.

135

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Predictions of sensitivity to climate change of polar benthos vary markedly depending on whether physiological or ecological/biodiversity criteria are considered. A realistic consensus view must be achieved as soon as possible. Having been very cool and constant for several million years, polar hotspots such as the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) are now rapidly warming. The current rate of CO 2 increase and, with a lag phase, temperature, is unparalleled -maybe for 10s of millions of years. Experimental evidence suggests the shallow mega-and macrobenthos is very sensitive to temperature change (stenothermal). Being warmed to about 10°C kills most species tested to date but even smaller experimental rises (just 2 or 3°C above normal) drastically hinders their ability to perform critical functions, such as predator avoidance behaviour. In contrast, new evidence of bathymetric and geographic distributions shows species ranges encompass localities with varying and warmer temperatures such as the intertidal zone or the shelf of South Georgia. This suggests, at the species level, an unexpected ability to live in areas with significantly different and raised temperature regimes. Scientists have focused on potential responses of a few species in a few areas. However, these are often atypical of fauna on the whole. Distribution assessments suffer from not knowing the capacity differences between populations and how fast they arise. To begin meaningful estimates of how shelf mega-and macrobenthos will respond to rapid warming, where and at what should we be looking? The AP continental shelf is probably amongst the most sensitive. A more widespread evaluation of the capabilities of different species and across lifehistory cycles is needed. We need to compare differences between communities in the more temperature-variable and -stable sites to predict ecological scale responses to future changes.

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Growth in the slow lane: protein metabolism in the Antarctic limpetNacella concinna(Strebel 1908)

Cited by 39 publications

References 65 publications

Ultrastructure of pedal muscle as a function of temperature in nacellid limpets

Ultrastructure of pedal muscle as a function of temperature in nacellid limpets

HSP70 heat shock proteins and environmental stress in Antarctic marine organisms: A mini-review

Vulnerability of Antarctic shelf biodiversity to predicted regional warming

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