Growth Improved in Juvenile Nile Tilapia Fed Phosphatidylcholine

Abstract

We conducted a study to explore the effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in diets fed to juvenile Nile tilapia Tilapia nilotica (mean initial weight ϭ 12.4 g). The basal diet contained 32% crude protein supplied by casein and gelatin (10.1%) and a crystalline L-amino acid mixture (21.9%). The total sulfur amino acid concentration of the basal diet was 0.5%, the methionine: cysteine ratio was 94:6, the choline concentration was 0.3%, and the linoleic acid concentration was 1.1-3.3%. Graded levels of PC were added at the expense of lipid to the basal diet, resulting in seven dietary treatments (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of the dry diet). The graded additions of PC significantly affected the weight gain and feed efficiency of juvenile tilapia. The weight gain of fish fed 1.5% and 2.0% PC was significantly higher than that of fish fed lower concentrations, and the feed efficiency values were highest in fish fed 1.5% PC. While total liver lipid concentration and survival were not significantly affected by dietary PC, whole-body crude protein and lipid concentrations were significantly affected, although there were no clear trends in this regard. Therefore, based on weight gain and feed efficiency, we conclude that PC is a beneficial nutrient for tilapia and recommend that purified diets fed to juveniles include 1.5% PC.

Utilization of diets with different fish oil content in common octopus (Octopus vulgarisCuvier, 1797) and resulting changes in its biochemical composition

“…This zero digestibility factor needs greater consideration and suggests that most of the triacylglycerols in the diets had dedoubled into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, which were therefore more abundant in the faeces than in the diet consumed. In contrast, the digestibility coefficients of the polar lipids were high, probably due to the presence of phospholipids in the diet since these improve lipid emulsification and facilitate the transport of dietary fatty acids and lipids from the gut to the rest of the body, possibly through enhanced lipoprotein synthesis, as has been suggested for both O. vulgaris and several fish species (Craig & Gatlin ; Kasper & Brown ; Tocher, Bendiksen, Campbell & Bell ). Therefore, the digestive capacity for absortion of these nutrients was not affected in the present study.…”

The Effects of Soybean Lecithin Supplementation to a Practical Diet Formulation on Juvenile Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Growth, Survival, Hematology, Innate Immune Activity, and Lipid Biochemistry

“…Increased growth rate has been documented in juvenile goldfish, Carassius auratus (0.3 g, initially), fed diets containing 4% refined lecithin (97% PL, 26% PC) (Lochmann and Brown ); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus , juveniles (12.4 g, initially) fed diets with 1.5 or 2% purified PC (Kasper and Brown ); Atlantic salmon fry fed a diet with 4 or 6% soy lecithin/oil mixture (Poston , ); rainbow trout fed a diet with 4% soy lecithin/oil mixture (Poston , ); and Surubim catfish, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum , juveniles (0.98 g, initially) fed purified diets with 14% refined soy lecithin (MP Biomedicals 102148; Lecithin, soybean oil not removed, 5% total PL, 3% lyso‐PC) (Arslan et al ). Lack of growth differences among the treatments in this study coupled with rapid fish growth indicates that all the diets met or exceeded the PL requirement of juvenile channel catfish.…”

“…Soy lecithin contains high concentrations of PC and phosphatidylinositol, which have demonstrated the most benefits in fish (Coutteau et al ). Documented benefits of PL in the diets of juvenile fish include improved growth (Poston , , , ; Kasper and Brown ; Niu et al ), increased survival (Poston , , ; Niu et al ), increased body fat (Poston , , , ), improved feed conversion (Poston , ; Kasper and Brown ), and resistance to stress (Coutteau et al ). Additional benefits of PL supplementation include improved water stability of pellets, increased nutrient stability due to the antioxidant properties of PL, enhanced diet palatability and feed consumption, and greater availability of energy and essential fatty acids from PL compared with neutral lipids (Coutteau et al ).…”

Dietary phosphatidylcholine impacts on growth performance and lipid metabolism in adult Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

“…The beneficial effects of dietary phospholipids (PL) on growth and survival have been demonstrated in the larval and juvenile stages of aquatic livestock species (1,2) . The beneficial effects of PL were not solely because of enhanced emulsification and digestion of lipids (3)(4)(5) , but also because of increased efficiency of dietary fatty acids and lipid transport from the gut to the rest of the body, potentially through enhanced lipoprotein synthesis (6)(7)(8) . Salmon and white sturgeon weighing more than 10 g were not reported to have a dietary requirement for PL, although this is potentially because of the short duration and limited assessment methods used in these preliminary studies (9,10) .…”