Growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist MZ-5-156 inhibits growth of DU-145 human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma in nude mice and suppresses the levels and mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor II in tumors

Development of a polyclonal antiserum for the detection of the isoforms of the receptors for human growth hormone-releasing hormone on tumors

“…These and other findings (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) suggested the involvement of specific receptors for GHRH antagonists on human cancers. We then reported the expression of four splice variants (SVs) of the full-length human GHRH-R in normal tissues and certain cancer cell lines on the basis of sequence analyses of cDNA encoding these receptors (16,17).…”

“…GHRH antagonists suppress tumor growth through indirect and direct pathways. The indirect mechanism operates through a suppression of the growth hormone release from the pituitary and the resulting inhibition of the production of insulin-like growth factor I in the liver (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, the principal action of GHRH antagonists is probably exerted directly on tumors and appears to be mediated by specific receptors for GHRH antagonists on cancer cells (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(11)(12)(13).…”

Expression of a splice variant of the receptor for GHRH in 3T3 fibroblasts activates cell proliferation responses to GHRH analogs

“…GHRH antagonists strongly suppress the growth of various experimental cancers such as osteosarcomas (ref. 2 and R. Braczkowski, A.V.S., A. Plonowski, J.L.V., K. Groot, M. Krupa, and P. Armatis, unpublished observations), renal cell carcinomas (3,4), prostatic cancers (5,6), small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and non-SCLC (7,8), malignant glioblastomas (9), and pancreatic (10), colorectal (11), breast (12)(13)(14), and ovarian tumors (15). Treatment with GHRH antagonists can produce a marked reduction in the serum levels of IGF-I in the tumor-bearing animals, consistent with the notion that the antitumor action of the antagonistic analogs of GHRH is exerted in part through an indirect mechanism involving the inhibition of GHRH͞GH͞IGF-I axis (16,17).…”

Bombesin antagonists inhibit proangiogenic factors in human experimental breast cancers

“…IGF-II was iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method, and purified as described previously (Lamharzi et al, 1998). Anti-rat IGF-II (10 mg ml À1 ) monoclonal antibody (Amano International Enzyme, Troy, VA, USA) was used at a final dilution of 1 : 14 285.…”