Growth Hormone Overexpression Induces Hyperphagia and Intestinal Morphophysiological Adaptations to Improve Nutrient Uptake in Zebrafish

Meirelles, Marcela Gonçalves; Nornberg, Bruna Félix; Silveira, Tony; Kütter, Mateus Tavares; Castro, Caroline G; Ramirez, Juan Rafael B; Pedrosa, Virgínia Fonseca; Romano, Luís Alberto; Marins, Luís Fernando

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.723853

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In addition, we found that overexpression of GH upregulated the expression level of the glucose transport protein-related genes ( glut2 and sglt1 ) and the fatty-acid transport protein-related genes ( fabp2 and cd36 ) in intestine and the expression level of the peptide transport protein-related gene pept1 in foregut and midgut. This was also observed in GH-treated tilapia and GH -transgenic zebrafish ( 18 , 19 ). The increased absorptive area and enhanced transport capacity could result in greater intestinal absorption of small molecular nutrients in T carp when compared to in WT carp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Overexpression of growth hormone improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed a high-starch diet

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Growth hormone (GH) is important for regulating insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism, and its role in mammalian models of diabetes is relatively worked out. Although some fish species were used as models for diabetes research, the effects of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in these models remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in an omnivorous fish using GH transgenic (T) common carp that consistently overexpressed GH and wild-type (WT) common carp. We compared the intestinal morphology, and digestive and absorptive capacity of fish fed commercial feed. We also analyzed the growth performance, insulin level, glucose catabolism and anabolism, lipid deposition, and lipid catabolism and anabolism in T carp and WT carp fed diets containing either 30% or 40% starch. In the intestine of T carp, α-amylase activity was enhanced, the number of goblet cells and intestinal villi surface area was increased, and the expression level of glucose transport protein-related genes (glut2 and sglt1) was upregulated when compared to these indicators in WT carp. When fed either a normal or high-starch diet, the growth performance of T carp was better than that of WT carp. Compared with WT carp, serum insulin was increased and glucose was decreased, hepatic expression level of igf-1 and glycolysis-related genes was increased, and the activity level of a hepatic enzyme related to glycolysis was enhanced in T carp. When fed with a high-starch diet, the serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic lipid content, and malondialdehyde content were significantly lower in T carp than in WT carp. These results indicated that overexpression of GH (1) enhanced carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the carp intestine, (2) did not induce insulin resistance and improved glucose catabolism and utilization in carp, and (3) relieved liver lipid deposition. Our data might provide new insights into potential ways to improve glucose utilization in fish and diabetes treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Overexpression of growth hormone improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed a high-starch diet

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The coefficient of determination (R-squared, R 2 ) was also calculated for each dataset. genetic manipulations [28] wild-type and gh-transgenic zebrafish from the F0104 lineage growth hormone overexpression Increased in gh-transgenic zebrafish line [30] wild-type and gh-transgenic zebrafish from the F0104 lineage growth hormone overexpression Increased in gh-transgenic zebrafish line Increased in insra −/− and insrb −/− zebrafish lines [56] wild-type AB strain and homozygous edar mutants knockout of ectodysplasin-A receptor (edar)…”

Section: Factors Affecting Zebrafish Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions

Licitra,

Fronte,

Verri

et al. 2024

Biology

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Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9–10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6–8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.

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“…Moreover, changes in water salinity modulate the expression levels of genes of the somatic growth axis in salmonids (213), blackhead sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (233), gilthead sea bream (234), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) (235), and pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) (236). Furthermore, high salinity increases food intake (237, 238), perhaps stimulated directly by GH or indirectly through the metabolic effects of GH (75, 239,240). Moreover, GH improves nutrient absorption at the gut level (241) which can explain the observed increase in feed efficiency.…”

Section: Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, high salinity increases food intake ( 237 , 238 ), perhaps stimulated directly by GH or indirectly through the metabolic effects of GH ( 75 , 239 , 240 ). Moreover, GH improves nutrient absorption at the gut level ( 241 ) which can explain the observed increase in feed efficiency.…”

Section: External Regulation Of Endocrine Factors Controlling Growth ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control

Canosa

Bertucci

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has implications in population, ecology, and evolution. Somatic growth is controlled by the GH/IGF endocrine axis and is influenced by nutrition, feeding, and reproductive-regulating hormones as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, oxygen levels, and salinity. Global climate change and anthropogenic pollutants will modify environmental conditions affecting directly or indirectly fish growth performance. In the present review, we offer an overview of somatic growth and its interplay with the feeding regulatory axis and summarize the effects of global warming and the main anthropogenic pollutants on these endocrine axes.

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Growth Hormone Overexpression Induces Hyperphagia and Intestinal Morphophysiological Adaptations to Improve Nutrient Uptake in Zebrafish

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Overexpression of growth hormone improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed a high-starch diet

Overexpression of growth hormone improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed a high-starch diet

Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions

The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control

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