Growth hormone isoforms

Baumann, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2009.04.011

Cited by 109 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Though it is thought that there are more than 100 GH isoforms in circulation (Baumann, 1991), most studies (present study included) investigate the 22 kDa isoform, the principal and most abundant isoform of GH (Baumann, 2009). It has been previously suggested that the anterior pituitary secretes GH in response to the decreased blood pH associated with the anaerobic metabolism that results in high blood lactate concentrations following intense exercise (Elias, Wilson, Naqvi, & Pandian, 1997;Godfrey, Whyte, Buckley, & Quinlivan, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Acute Hormonal Response to the Kettlebell Swing Exercise

Budnar

Duplanty

Hill

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute hormonal response to a bout of kettlebell swing exercise. Ten healthy men (19-30 y, 23.6 ± 3.5 y, 174.6 ± 5.7 cm, 78.7 ± 9.9 kg) who were engaged in resistance training at least twice per week but were inexperienced with kettlebell swings participated in this study. Participants were familiarized with the kettlebell swing exercise during an initial visit. During the subsequent experimental protocol visit, participants performed 12 rounds of 30 seconds of 16-kg kettlebell swings alternated with 30 seconds of rest. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the end of every round of swings. Fasted blood samples were collected pre-exercise (PRE), immediately post (IP), 15 minutes post (P15), and 30 minutes post exercise (P30) and analyzed for total testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and lactate concentrations. Participants completed a total of 227 ± 23 swings (average swings per round: 19 ± 2). HR and RPE increased significantly (P < 0.05) throughout the exercise protocol. Lactate concentrations were significantly increased at all post exercise time points compared to PRE. T was significantly increased at IP compared to PRE. GH was significantly increased at IP, P15, and P30 compared to PRE. Cortisol was significantly increased at IP and P15 compared to PRE. 12 rounds of 30 seconds of kettlebell swing exercise induced an acute increase in T, GH, and cortisol concentrations in resistance trained men. Additionally, this exercise protocol induced a large increase in HR and lactate concentration. Thus, the kettlebell swing exercise might provide an effective method for simultaneous endurance and resistance training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Acute Hormonal Response to the Kettlebell Swing Exercise

Budnar

Duplanty

Hill

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Several posttranslational modifications in the GH molecules (N-acylation, deamidation and glycosylation of monomeric GH isoforms), circulating GH fragments generated by peripheral metabolism, non-covalent and disulfide-linked oligomerization of GH molecules and the presence of two GHBPs that complex with GH gives rise to the heterogeneous mixture of GH isoforms in blood (24). That heterogeneity and the different crossreactivities of the assay antibodies for each isoform and different reference preparations used in GH assays explain most of the marked disparity among immunoassay results (25,26,27).…”

Section: Gh Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, single-center case series (2) and multicenter retrospective (3,4) and prospective studies (5) on pregnancy in patients with acromegaly that have been published in recent years have added new and relevant information to the preexisting literature (6,7). Moreover, the development of GH immunoassays with selective specificities (8,9) and the increasing knowledge of the expression of the various genes (10,11) have allowed substantial improvement in our understanding of the changes in the somatotrophic axis that take place during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Acromegaly and pregnancy: a contemporary review

Abucham

Bronstein

Rodrigues

2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Although fertility is frequently impaired in women with acromegaly, pregnancy is apparently becoming more common due to improvement in acromegaly treatment as well as in fertility therapy. As a result, several studies on pregnancy in patients with acromegaly have been published in recent years adding new and relevant information to the preexisting literature. Also, new GH assays with selective specificities and the knowledge of the expression of the various GH genes have allowed a better understanding of somatotrophic axis function during pregnancy. In this review, we show that pregnancy in women with acromegaly is generally safe, usually with tumoral and hormonal stability. Although the paucity of data limits evidence-based recommendations for preconception counseling and pregnancy surveillance, controlling tumor size and hormonal activity before pregnancy is highly recommended to ensure better outcomes, and surgical control should be attempted when feasible. Treatment interruption at pregnancy confirmation has also proven to be safe, as drugs are not formally allowed to be used during pregnancy. Drug exposure (somatostatin analogs) during early or whole pregnancy might increase the chance of a lower birth weight. Aggressive disease is uncommon and may urge individual decisions such as surgery or drug treatment during pregnancy or lactation.Correspondence should be addressed to J Abucham

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“…PGH, which should be distinguished from placental lactogen (HPL), is the product of the expression of the GHV (GH2) gene, as opposed to pituitary GH, which is the product of the GHN (GH1) gene (31). PGH is secreted in the syncytiotrophoblast from the 6th week of pregnancy and gradually replaces pituitary GH during pregnancy (30,32).…”

Section: Igf1 and Pghmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PREGNANCY: Bone metabolic changes during pregnancy: a period of vulnerability to osteoporosis and fracture

Sanz-Salvador

Garcı́a-Pérez

Tarı́n

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Changes in bone density and bone markers suggest that pregnancy is associated with deterioration of bone mass in the mother. The metabolism of calcium resets to allow for the needs imposed by the building of the fetal skeleton. The fetus contributes to the process through the output of regulators from the placenta. Understanding of the whole process is limited, but some changes are unambiguous. There is an increase in the circulating levels of vitamin D, but its functional impact is unclear. Fetal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrp) play an indirect role through support of a calcium gradient that creates hypercalcemia in the fetus. Placental GH, which increases up to the end of pregnancy, may exert some anabolic effects, either directly or through the regulation of the IGF1 production. Other key regulators of bone metabolism, such as estrogens or prolactin, are elevated during pregnancy, but their role is uncertain. An increase in the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an additional pro-resorbing factor in bone. The increase in bone resorption may lead to osteoporosis and fragility fracture, which have been diagnosed, although rarely. However, the condition is transitory as long-term studies do not link the number of pregnancies with osteoporosis. Prevention is limited by the lack of identifiable risk factors. When fractures are diagnosed, rest, analgesics, or, when indicated, orthopedic intervention have demonstrated efficacy. Systemic treatment with anti-osteoporotic drugs is effective, but the potential harm to the fetus imposes caution in their use.

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Growth hormone isoforms

Cited by 109 publications

References 123 publications

The Acute Hormonal Response to the Kettlebell Swing Exercise

The Acute Hormonal Response to the Kettlebell Swing Exercise

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Acromegaly and pregnancy: a contemporary review

ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PREGNANCY: Bone metabolic changes during pregnancy: a period of vulnerability to osteoporosis and fracture

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