“…Although the formation of inclusion bodies has certain advantages, such as protecting the protein from proteolysis and ease of isolation, precipitation as inclusion bodies poses a major hurdle in the recovery of bioactive proteins (Kim, Park, et al, 2013 ; Nguyen et al, 2014 ). Numerous studies have attempted to refold GH orthologues originating from different species from inclusion bodies (e.g., human, bovine, ovine, porcine, and fish; Aramvash et al, 2018 ; Choi & Geletu, 2018 ; Chung et al, 2015 ; Crivelli et al, 1991 ; Fradkin et al, 2010 ; Funkenstein et al, 2005 ; George et al, 1985 ; Jeh et al, 1998 ; Keshavarz et al, 2021 ; Khan et al, 1998 ; Mahmoud et al, 1998 ; Mukhija et al, 1995 ; Mukhopadhyay & Sahni, 2002 ; Ocłoń et al, 2018 ; Paduel et al, 1999 ; Panda et al, 1999 ; Patra et al, 2000 ; Poen & Pornbanlualap, 2013 ; Promdonkoy et al, 2004 ; Rao et al, 1997 ; Sereikaite et al, 2007 ; Shin et al, 1998 ; Singh et al, 2009 , 2012 ; Sonoda & Sugimura, 2008 ; Upadhyay et al, 2012 ; Wallis & Wallis, 1990 ; Wingfield et al, 1987 ; Zomorrodipour et al, 2004 ). A summary of the approaches for refolding GH or GHA from inclusion bodies is listed in Table 3 .…”