Growth Form Evolution in Piperales and Its Relevance for Understanding Angiosperm Diversification: An Integrative Approach Combining Plant Architecture, Anatomy, and Biomechanics

Isnard, Sandrine; Prosperi, Juliana; Wanke, Stefan; Wagner, Sarah T.; Samain, Marie‐Stéphanie; Trueba, Santiago; Frenzke, Lena; Neinhuis, Christoph; Rowe, Nick

doi:10.1086/665821

Cited by 60 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…One possibility is the recently described Saururus tuckerae, a plant whose modern counterpart grows today extensively along marginal aquatic zones. Stem anatomy, leaves, and wood anatomical structure of extant Saururus bear some reasonable similarities to Eorhiza Carlquist et al 1995;Carlquist 2009Carlquist , 2013Isnard et al 2012;Trueba et al 2015). A reassessment of these and some other Princeton chert plants, in light of recent knowledge about phylogenies, may help us better understand the plants that grew in this Eocene wetlands of the Okanagan Highlands and the paleoenvironment they represent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A review of the plants of the Princeton chert (Eocene, British Columbia, Canada)

Pigg

DeVore

2016

Botany

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Abstract:The Princeton chert is one of the most completely studied permineralized floras of the Paleogene. Remains of over 30 plant taxa have been described in detail, along with a diverse assemblage of fungi that document a variety of ecological interactions with plants. As a flora of the Okanagan Highlands, the Princeton chert plants are an assemblage of higher elevation taxa of the latest early to earliest middle Eocene, with some components similar to those in the related compression floras. However, like the well-known floras of Clarno, Appian Way, the London Clay, and Messel, the Princeton chert provides an additional dimension of internal structure. In the present study, we outline the history of Princeton chert plant research, starting with Boneham and others, and extending into studies by Stockey and her students and colleagues. These studies were undertaken primarily at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. We then re-examine the individual elements of the Princeton chert flora, using the framework of the currently recognized Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III) phylogeny and in light of recent fossil discoveries. We hope that this update will bring to mind new aspects of the significance of the Princeton chert flora to Paleogene paleobiology, biogeography, and plant evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A review of the plants of the Princeton chert (Eocene, British Columbia, Canada)

Pigg

DeVore

2016

Botany

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“…The model of lianas as fast-growing, disturbanceloving plants emerges largely from the function of eudicot and magnoliid angiosperms. However, lianescence has evolved in other clades (Carlquist 1991;Feild & Wilson 2012;Isnard et al 2012;Feild and Isnard 2013) with older divergence ages (Magallón & Castillo 2009). New discoveries about xylem structure and function in climbers among extant lineages diverging near the root of angiosperms show that these climbers function differently from the common view of fast-growing, light-loving lianas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of angiosperm lianescence: a perspective from xylem structure‐function

Isnard¹,

Feild²

2014

Ecology of Lianas

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“…belonging to the same species and population, should show different observable characteristics, which can range from morphological or physiological to developmental and behavioural properties as a response to different environmental conditions [7,42]. Nevertheless, plant-environment interactions can be both complex and numerous, producing a continuum of growth form variations, where an absolute 'description' or 'categorization' is often difficult to provide [1,16,18,25]. While some plant species such as poison oak [9] can be clear-cut examples of phenotypic plasticity producing two contrasting growth forms (lianas versus shrubs), other species within the continuum of growth form variations can present finer plastic responses within individual growth form types.…”

Section: Can We Assume Growth Form Plasticity Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bouldering: an alternative strategy to long-vertical climbing in root-climbing hortensias

Mendoza

Isnard²,

Charles‐Dominique

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In the Neotropics, the genus Hydrangea of the popular ornamental hortensia family is represented by climbing species that strongly cling to their support surface by means of adhesive roots closely positioned along specialized anchoring stems. These root-climbing hortensia species belong to the nearly exclusive American Hydrangea section Cornidia and generally are long lianescent climbers that mostly flower and fructify high in the host tree canopy. The Mexican species Hydrangea seemannii, however, encompasses not only long lianescent climbers of large vertical rock walls and coniferous trees, but also short 'shrub-like' climbers on small rounded boulders. To investigate growth form plasticity in root-climbing hortensia species, we tested the hypothesis that support variability (e.g. differences in size and shape) promotes plastic responses observable at the mechanical, structural and anatomical level. Stem bending properties, architectural axis categorization, tissue organization and wood density were compared between boulder and long-vertical tree-climbers of H. seemannii. For comparison, the mechanical patterns of a closely related, strictly long-vertical tree-climbing species were investigated. Hydrangea seemannii has fine-tuned morphological, mechanical and anatomical responses to support variability suggesting the presence of two alternative root-climbing strategies that are optimized for their particular environmental conditions. Our results suggest that variation of some stem anatomical traits provides a buffering effect that regulates the mechanical and hydraulic demands of two distinct plant architectures. The adaptive value of observed plastic responses and the importance of considering growth form plasticity in evolutionary and conservation studies are discussed.

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Growth Form Evolution in Piperales and Its Relevance for Understanding Angiosperm Diversification: An Integrative Approach Combining Plant Architecture, Anatomy, and Biomechanics

Cited by 60 publications

References 75 publications

A review of the plants of the Princeton chert (Eocene, British Columbia, Canada)

A review of the plants of the Princeton chert (Eocene, British Columbia, Canada)

The evolution of angiosperm lianescence: a perspective from xylem structure‐function

Bouldering: an alternative strategy to long-vertical climbing in root-climbing hortensias

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