Growth-Factors Required for the Nutrition of Lactobacillus cosei ɛ

Dolby, D. E.; Happold, F. C.; Sandford, Mary

doi:10.1038/153619a0

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This factor has been concentrated and been shown to be distinct from a factor or factors required by L. casei E and also present in the liver extracts, when this organism is grown on a casein hydrolysate medium (Chattaway, Ihppold, Lythgoe, Sandford & Todd, 1943 ;Chattaway, Happold & Sandford, 1944). But it has also been demonstrated (Dolby, Happold & Sandford, 1944) that svhen L. cnsei E is grown on an amino-acid medium that this C. diphtheriue factor is essential for its growth. The factor can be demonstrated as present in the casein by the fact that the exacting strains of C. diphtheriae grow normally without addition of liver preparations when casein hydrolysate replaces the amino acids in the basal medium.…”

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different method of approach has been taken by Happold and co-workers, who early found evidence that there are several growth factors for L. cusei E. They have attempted to separate liver concentrates into the individual factors before proceeding to the isolation of any one of them. But it has also been demonstrated (Dolby, Happold & Sandford, 1944) that svhen L. cnsei E is grown on an amino-acid medium that this C. diphtheriue factor is essential for its growth. This factor has been concentrated and been shown to be distinct from a factor or factors required by L. casei E and also present in the liver extracts, when this organism is grown on a casein hydrolysate medium (Chattaway, Ihppold, Lythgoe, Sandford & Todd, 1943 ;Chattaway, Happold & Sandford, 1944).…”

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This factor has been concentrated and been shown to be distinct from a factor or factors required by L. casei E and also present in the liver extracts, when this organism is grown on a casein hydrolysate medium (Chattaway, Ihppold, Lythgoe, Sandford & Todd, 1943 ;Chattaway, Happold & Sandford, 1944). Dolby, Happold & Sandford (1944) reported two main factors which are required by L. casei E when grown on a casein hydrolysate medium, the hydrolysate being prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis according to Johnson & hlueller (1941); one of these factors being largely responsible for the initial growth of the organism, particularly during the first 24 hr., and the other being mainly responsible for the lactic acid production. The factor can be demonstrated as present in the casein by the fact that the exacting strains of C. diphtheriae grow normally without addition of liver preparations when casein hydrolysate replaces the amino acids in the basal medium.…”

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at 100" C. These results rule out the possibility that strepogenin is an amino acid, and the authors suggest, taking into consideration the source of the material, that it is probahly a peptide. Dolby, Happold & Sandford (1944) reported two main factors which are required by L. casei E when grown on a casein hydrolysate medium, the hydrolysate being prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis according to Johnson & hlueller (1941); one of these factors being largely responsible for the initial growth of the organism, particularly during the first 24 hr., and the other being mainly responsible for the lactic acid production. T h e first of these factors was described as being partially precipitated by saturation with ammonium sulphate, soluble in butanol and sparingly soluble in aqueous amyl alcohol, adsorbed on norite at p H 3 but not on fuller's earth.…”

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unidentified Members of the Vitamin B Complex

Chattaway

1947

Biological Reviews

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Summary The underlying unity between the normal growth requirements of micro‐organisms and those of animals is pointed out, and the wide range of organisms requiring unidentified members of the vitamin B complex is given. The preparation and chemical properties of a number of these unknown factors is described. The biological activity of many of these compounds has been assessed by their growth‐promoting properties for Lactobacillus casei E and Streptococcus lactis R. On this basis three compounds known as the norite eluate factors (or L. casei factors) have been prepared from liver, yeast and fermentation residues with similar chemical properties but differing activity for these micro‐organisms. A synthetic material of undisclosed structure has been described and is claimed to be identical with the compound isolated from liver. From this work and that concerning folic acid, a factor obtained from spinach, it appears that there are a number of naturally occurring substances which bear a close chemical resemblance, but slight changes in structure cause considerable changes in biological activity. A factor (vitamin Bc) has been obtained from liver which is active for L. casei E and S. lactis R and for normal growth, feathering and haematopoiesis in the chick, but its identity with any of the above factors is not proved. A more complex form of this substance has been obtained which is active for the chick but not for the micro‐organisms. A factor 2500 times more active for S. lactis R than for L. casei E has been obtained from an unstated source. A factor (vitamin M) which cures nutritional cytopenia in monkeys has been prepared from liver and yeast, and this material can be converted into an S. lactis R‐stimulating factor. Vitamin Bc, vitamin M, L. casei factor and folic acid are probably closely related, and some interrelationships in biological activity have been demonstrated. The total growth requirements of L. casei E and certain strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae for unidentified factors have been studied by other workers, as distinct from the attempted isolation of any one of them, and the existence of at least five factors required by these micro‐organisms has been described. Their concentration from liver and outstanding chemical properties have been detailed. Similarities between the C. diphtheriae factor, strepogenin–a factor required by certain strains of haemolytic streptococci–and a factor required by certain strains of S. lactis are apparent. It has been shown that different factors are required by L. casei E for the initiation of growth and for the production of lactic acid, and the second of these materials has been shown to consist of at least three factors, one of which is related to folic acid and the synthetic material of the ‘norite eluate’ factors. Apparent discrepancies in growth requirements of the micro‐organisms probably arise from unrecognized impurities in basal media, the enforced use of concentrates of active factors or the employment of cultures of differing age, resulting in diff...

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Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This factor has been concentrated and been shown to be distinct from a factor or factors required by L. casei E and also present in the liver extracts, when this organism is grown on a casein hydrolysate medium (Chattaway, Ihppold, Lythgoe, Sandford & Todd, 1943 ;Chattaway, Happold & Sandford, 1944). Dolby, Happold & Sandford (1944) reported two main factors which are required by L. casei E when grown on a casein hydrolysate medium, the hydrolysate being prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis according to Johnson & hlueller (1941); one of these factors being largely responsible for the initial growth of the organism, particularly during the first 24 hr., and the other being mainly responsible for the lactic acid production. The factor can be demonstrated as present in the casein by the fact that the exacting strains of C. diphtheriae grow normally without addition of liver preparations when casein hydrolysate replaces the amino acids in the basal medium.…”

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (5) Vitamin Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unidentified Members of the Vitamin B Complex

Chattaway

1947

Biological Reviews

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“…They include Pollack and Lindner's (1943) L. msei factor, the factors stated by Chattaway, Happold, Sandford, Lythgoe and Todd (1943), Dolby, Happold and Sandford (1944) and Chattaway, Happold and Sandford (1944) to be necessary for the growth of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and L. cmei, orotic acid (uracil-4-carboxylic acid) (Chattaway, 1944), the chloroform soluble factors from liver stated by Barton-Wright, Emery and Robinson (1944) to stimulate the growth of L. helveticus and 8. luctis R, a yeast factor required by S. laclis (Smith, 1943) probably identical with streptogenin , and the pcptone factor of Chu and Williams (1944).…”

Section: B2"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Recently Characterized Members of the Vitamin B₂Complex

Robinson¹

1946

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The best known members of the vitamin B, complex are riboflavin and nicotinic acid which, together with vitamin B,, are rcsponsiblc for certain clearly defined deficicncy diseases. The distinction bctmcen these factors and the other incmbers of the vitamin H, complex, which do not appear to be nssociated with specific deficiency diseases, is not as arbitrary as would appear at first sight, and one of the objects of this discussion iu to emphasize the real difference that exists between the two groups.In the course of work on the isolation of the pellagra preventive factor, concentrates were prepared from liver and yeast which not only cured pellagra in man and blacktongue in dogs, but also certain types of dcrmatitis in rats and chicks. It was subsequently shown that nicotinic acid or its amide was the pellagra preventive factor, and that this had no effect in rat or chick dermatitis. Elvehjem and Koehn (1935) showed that the ability of the crude concentrates to cure rat dermatitis waR due to one factor, factor I or vitamin R,, and the effect on chicks to another factor, factor 11. Since the former was adsorbed on fuller's earth whilst the latter was not, the two factors were sometimes described as the eluate and filtrate factors, respectively.Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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