Growth Factors, and Cytokines; Understanding the Role of Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 in Gametogenesis and Early Embryo Development

Abstract

Growth factors and cytokines have vital roles in germ cell development, gamete maturation, and early embryo development. Cell surface receptors are present for growth factors and cytokines to integrate with and trigger protein signaling in the germ and embryo intracellular milieu. Src-homology-2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the signaling pathways involved in growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, integrins, and G protein-coupled receptors. Over recent decades, researchers have recapitulated the protein signaling networks that influence gamete progenitor specification as well as gamete differentiation and maturation. SHP2 plays an indispensable role in cellular growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, as well as the basic events in gametogenesis and early embryo development. SHP2, a classic cytosolic protein and a key regulator of signal transduction, displays unconventional nuclear expression in the genital organs. Several observations provided shreds of evidence that this behavior is essential for fertility. The growth factor and cytokine-dependent roles of SHP2 and its nuclear/cytoplasmic presence during gamete maturation, early embryonic development and embryo implantation are fascinating and complex subjects. This review is intended to summarize the previous and recent knowledge about the SHP2 functions in gametogenesis and early embryo development.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of reproductive characteristics of reciprocal hybrid lineages derived from hybridization between Megalobrama amblycephala and Culter alburnus

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SHP2 participates in decidualization by activating ERK to maintain normal nuclear localization of progesterone receptor

“…SHP2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 gene (PTPN11) ( Kong & Long 2022 ). SHP2 is widely expressed and plays a key role in cell growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration ( Idrees et al 2020 ). In most cases, SHP2 is necessary for the Ras–ERK and PI3K–Akt pathways and plays a dynamic role in gametogenesis, embryo maturation, and embryonic development ( Idrees et al 2020 ).…”

Risk compounds, potential mechanisms and biomarkers of traditional Chinese medicine‐induced reproductive toxicity

“…Growth factors, a group of peptides such as endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), play vital roles in germ cell development, gamete maturation and early embryo development (Breier et al, 1992;Ferrara, 1999;Idrees et al, 2020). Studies showed that TCM-induced reproductive toxicity was connected by modulating the expression and signal transduction of growth factors.…”